Active

§1704ACTIVE VOICEActive verbs are transitive or intransitive (920).

§356INFLECTION: PRELIMINARY REMARKS (355-380)Voices.—There are three voices: active, middle, and passive. a. The middle usually denotes that the subject acts on himself or for himself, as λούομαι wash myself, ἀμῡ́νομαι defend…

§§462–464ENDINGS OF THE VERB: PERSONAL ENDINGSTo make the complete verbal forms, to the tense-stems in the various moods are attached the personal endings in the finite moods and other endings in the infinitives, participles, …

§466ENDINGS OF THE VERB: PERSONAL ENDINGSENDINGS OF THE IMPERATIVE 1. Active. a. 2 Sing.—λῦε, λίπε, τίθει (for τίθε-ε) have not lost -θι. -θι is found in 2 aor. pass. φάνη-θι; in στῆ-θι and ἕστα-θι; in some 2 aorists, lik…

§467ENDINGS OF THE PLUPERFECT, ENDINGS IN σθEndings of the Pluperfect Active.—-η, -ης, -ει(ν) are derived from -ε(σ)α, -ε(σ)ας, -ε(σ)ε. In later Greek the endings are -ειν, -εις, -ει(ν), -ειτον, -ειτην, -ειμεν, -ειτε, and ve…

§469ENDINGS OF THE INFINITIVE, PARTICIPLE, AND VERBAL ADJECTIVEInfinitive.—The following are the endings added to the tense-stem to make the infinitive. a. -εν: in present and 2 aorist active of ω-verbs, all futures active. Thus, λῡ́ειν, τῑμᾶν…

§470ENDINGS OF THE INFINITIVE, PARTICIPLE, AND VERBAL ADJECTIVEParticiples.—The stem of the participle is formed by adding the following endings to the tense stem. a. -ντ-: in all active tenses except the perfect, and in 1 and 2 aor. passive (…

§§1703–1707ACTIVE VOICEThe active voice represents the subject as performing the action of the verb: λούω I wash. a. Under action is included being, as ἡ ὁδὸς μακρᾱ́ ἐστι the way is long.

§§1708–1709ACTIVE VOICEMany verbs are used in the active voice both transitively and intransitively. So, in English, turn, move, change. Cp. 1557 ff. a. The distinction between transitive and intransitiv…

§1710ACTIVE VOICEInstead of the active, a periphrasis with γίγνεσθαι may be used, often to express solemnity. μηνῡταὶ γίγνονται they turned informers T. 3.2, μὴ ὑβριστὴς γέϝῃ ‘do not be guilty of o…

§1711ACTIVE VOICECausative Active.—The active may be used of an action performed at the bidding of the subject: Κῦρος τὰ βασίλεια κατέκαυσεν Cyrus burnt down the palace (i.e. had it burnt down) X. …

§1712ACTIVE VOICEAn infinitive limiting the meaning of an adjective is usually active where English employs the passive (cp. 2006).

§1732MIDDLE VOICEThe active is often used for the middle when it is not of practical importance to mark the interest of the subject in the action. The active implies what the middle expresses. So w…

§1752PASSIVE VOICEThe active or the middle deponent of a transitive verb used transitively or of an intransitive verb may replace the passive of a transitive verb. ἀκούειν (poet. κλύειν) be called; …