Anger

With verbs of emotion the genitive denotes the cause. Such verbs are to wonder at, admire, envy, praise, blame. hate, pity, grieve for, be angry at, take vengeance on, and the like.

ἐθαύμασα τῆς τόλμης τῶν λεγόντων I wondered at the hardihood of the speakers L. 12.41, τοῦτον ἀγασθεὶς τῆς πρᾳότητος admiring him for his mildness X. C. 2.3.21, ζηλῶ σε τοῦ νοῦ, τῆς δὲ δειλίᾱς στυγῶ I envy thee for thy prudence, I hate thee for thy cowardice S. El. 1027, σὲ ηὐδαιμόνισα τοῦ τρόπου I thought you happy because of your disposition P. Cr. 43b, συγχαίρω τῶν γεγενημένων I share the joy at what has happened D. 15.15, ἀνέχεσθαι τῶν οἰκείων ἀμελουμένων to put up with the neglect of my household affairs P. A. 31b, τὸν ξένον δίκαιον αἰνέσαι προθῡμίᾱς it is right to praise the stranger for his zeal E. I. A. 1371, οὔποτ᾽ ἀνδρὶ τῷδε κηρῡκευμάτων μέμψῃ never wilt thou blame me for my tidings A. Sept. 651, τοῦ πάθους ᾤκτῑρεν αὐτόν he pitied him for his misery X. C. 5.4.32, οὐδ᾽ εἰκὸς χαλεπῶς φέρειν αὐτών nor is it reasonable to grieve about them T. 2.62, οὐκέτι ὧν οὗτοι κλέπτουσιν ὀργίζεσθε, ἀλλ᾽ ὧν αὐτοὶ λαμβάνετε χάριν ἴστε you are no longer angry at their thefts, but you are grateful for what you get yourselves L. 27.11, τῑμωρήσασθαι αὐτοὺς τῆς ἐπιθέσεως to take revenge on them for their attack X. A. 7.4.23. Here belongs, by analogy, συγγιγνώσκειν αὐτοῖς χρὴ τῆς ἐπιθῡμίᾱς it is necessary to forgive them for their desire P. Eu. 306c (usually συγγιγνώσκειν τὴν ἐπιθῡμίᾱν τινί or τῇ ἐπιθῡμίᾳ τινός).

a. The genitive of cause is partly a true genitive, partly ablatival.

(I) To benefit, help, injure, please, displease, be friendly or hostile, blame, be angry, threaten, envy.

βοηθεῖν τοῖσιν ἠδικημένοις to help the wronged E. I. A. 79, οὐκ ἂν ἠνώχλει νῦν ἡμῖν he would not now be troubling us D. 3.5, <*>ντὶ τοῦ συνεργεῖν ἑαυτοῖς τὰ συμφέροντα ἐπηρεάζουσιν ἀλλήλοις instead of coöperating for their mutual interests, they revile one another X. M. 3.5.16, εἰ τοῖς πλέοτιν ἀρέσκοντές ἐσμεν, τοῖσδ᾽ ἂν μόνοις οὐκ ὀρθῶς ἀπαρέσκοιμεν if we are pleasing to the majority, it would not be right if we should displease them alone T. 1.38, εὐνοεῖν τοῖς κακόνοις to be friendly to the ill-intentioned X. C. 8.2.1, ἐμοὶ ὀργίζονται they are angry at me P. A. 23c, τῷ Θηρᾱμένει ἠπείλουν they threatened Theramenes T. 8.92, οὐ φθονῶν τοῖς πλουτοῦσιν not cherishing envy against the rich X. A. 1.9.19.

Verbs of emotion (to rejoice, grieve, be angry, wonder, etc.) take ὅτι (ὡς) with a finite verb (negative οὐ), but more commonly the participle (2100) when the subject is not changed.

a. Hom. prefers ὅτι, ὡς to the participle or infinitive.

b. The accusative and infinitive with verbs of emotion are rare; as with θαυμάζω E. Alc. 1130. (θαυμάζω may be followed by a dependent question: D. 37.44).

c. On verbs of emotion with εἰ instead of ὅτι, ὡς (negative, generally μή), see 2247. On the use in dependent exclamations, see 2687.

(I) By the relative pronouns οἷος, ὅσος, or by the relative adverb ὡς in exclamations of wonder. The sentences introduced by these words are commonly associated with vocatives or interjections. Cp. 340.

οἷα ποιεῖς, ὦ ἑταῖρε what are you about, my friend! P. Euth. 15c, ὦ φίλοι . . . , οἵην τερπωλὴν θεοὶ ἤγαγον ἐς τόδε δῶμα friends, such sport the gods have brought into this house! ς 37, ὅσην ἔχεις τὴν δύναμιν how great your power is! Ar. Pl. 748, ὦ πάππε, ὅσα πρᾱ́γματα ἔχεις oh grandfather, how much trouble you have! X. C. 1.3.4, ὦ φίλταθ᾽ Αἷμον, ὥς σ᾽ ἀτῑμάζει πατήρ, oh dearest Haemon, how thy father insults thee! S. Ant. 572, ὡς ἀστεῖος ὁ ἄνθρωπος how charming the man is! P. Ph. 116d.

a. Exclamatory ὡς may be the relative ὡς; but if it is the demonstrative ὡς, it means properly not how but so. Cp. 2998.

b. Double οἷος (exclamation within an exclamation) marks a strong contrast (cp. 2646) in direct and indirect exclamations. Thus, οἷα πρὸς οἵων ἀνδρῶν πάσχω what I suffer and at the hands of what men! S. Ant. 942, ἀπὸ οἵᾱς . . . αὐχήματος τοῦ πρώτου ἐς οἵᾱν τελευτὴν καὶ ταπεινότητα ἀφῑ́κατο from what boasting at first they had come to what a humiliating end T. 7.75. Triple οἷος in Gorgias, Helen 10.

c. Cp. 2647 for such sentences as οἵᾱν ἔχιδναν τήνδ᾽ ἔφῡσας what a viper is this woman whom thou hast begotten! E. Ion 1262.

d. οἴμ᾽ ὡς is common in expressions of impatience, anger, pity, grief, or fear; as οἴμ᾽ ὡς καταγελᾷς ah me, how you mock me! Ar. Nub. 1238, οἴμ᾽ ὡς ἔοικας ὀψὲ τὴν δίκην ἰδεῖν ah me, how thou seemest all too late to see the right! S. Ant. 1270, οἴμ᾽ ὡς δέδοικα ah me, how I fear! Ar. Pax 173.