Assimilation

§45SHORTENING, ADDITION, AND OTHER VOWEL CHANGESAssimilation.—A vowel may be assimilated to the vowel standing in the following syllable: βιβλίον book from βυβλίον (βύβλος papyrus). a. On assimilation in distracted verbs (ὁρόω s…

§51CONTRACTION(III) Unlike Vowels.—Unlike vowels are assimilated, either the second to the first (progressive assimilation) or the first to the second (regressive assimilation). a. An o sound al…

§75 DELISIONInterior elision takes place in forming compound words. Here the apostrophe is not used. Thus, οὐδείς no one from οὐδὲ εἷς, καθοράω look down upon from κατὰ ὁράω, μεθῑ́ημι let go f…

§77EUPHONY OF CONSONANTSAssimilation.—A consonant is sometimes assimilated to another consonant in the same word. This assimilation may be either partial, as in ἐ-πέμφ-θην I was sent for ἐ-πεμπ-θην (82), …

§80 a, bDOUBLING OF CONSONANTSAn initial ρ is doubled when a simple vowel is placed before it in inflection or composition. Thus, after the syllabic augment (429), ἔ-ρρει was flowing from ῥέω; and in καλί-ρροος…

§81 DDOUBLING OF CONSONANTSβ, γ, δ are not doubled in Attic (cp. 75 D.). In γγ the first γ is nasal (19 a). φ, χ, θ are not doubled in Attic; instead, we have πφ, κχ, τθ as in Σαπφώ Sappho, Βάκχος Bacchus, Ἀ…

§95N BEFORE CONSONANTSν before λ, ρ is assimilated (λλ, ρρ): σύλλογος concourse for συν-λογος, συρρέω flow together for συν-ρεω.

§98CONSONANTS BEFORE ΣA dental stop before ς is assimilated (σς) and one ς is dropped. σώμασι bodies for σωμασσι out of σωματ-σι, ποσί feet for ποσσί out of ποδ-σι, ὄρνῑσι birds for ὀρνῑσσι out of ὀρνῑθ…

§105 a, 105 DΣ BEFORE CONSONANTSς before μ or ν usually disappears with compensatory lengthening (37) as in εἰμί for ἐσ-μι. But σμ stays if μ belongs to a suffix and in compounds of δυσ- ill: δυσ-μενής hostile. a…

§429 a N.AUGMENTSyllabic Augment.—Verbs beginning with a consonant prefix ε as the augment, which thus increases the word by one syllable. In the pluperfect ε is prefixed to the reduplication. λῡ́…

§517III. LIQUID AND NASAL STEMS(I) Presents in -λλω are formed from verb-stems in λ, to which ι̯ is assimilated (110). Thus, ἀγγέλλω announce (ἀγγελ-ι̯ω), στέλλω send (στελ-ι̯ω).

§544 D(FIRST AORIST ACTIVE AND MIDDLE)Liquid Verbs.—Verb-stems ending in λ, μ, ν, ρ lose ς and lengthen their vowel in compensation (37): α to η (after ι or ρ to ᾱ), ε to ει, ῐ to ῑ, ῠ to ῡ. φαίνω (φαν-) show, ἔφηνα fo…

§§2183–2188ASSIMILATION OF MOODSThe mood of a subordinate clause which is intimately connected with the thought of the clause on which it depends, is often assimilated to the mood of that clause. Such subordinate…

§2205PURPOSE CLAUSES (FINAL CLAUSES)By assimilation of mood, final clauses may take a past tense of the indicative without ἄν (2185 c) or the optative without ἄν (2186 c.)

§2442πρίν WITH THE INDICATIVEA πρίν clause, depending on a past tense denoting non-fulfilment, itself denotes non-fulfilment and takes a past indicative by assimilation (2185 b). χρῆν τοίνυν Λεπτίνην μὴ πρότερ…

§2448πρίν WITH THE OPTATIVEπρίν with the optative is used only in indirect discourse or by assimilation to another optative.

§2450πρίν WITH THE OPTATIVE(II) By assimilation of mood, πρίν may take the optative when the negative principal clause has the optative. Cp. 2186 b. εἰ ἕλκοι τις αὐτόν . . . καὶ μὴ ἀνείη πρὶν ἐξελκῡ́σειεν ἐς…