Barytone

Words are named according to their accent as follows:

Oxytone (acute on the ultima): θήρ, καλός, λελυκώς.

Paroxytone (acute on the penult): λῡ́ω, λείπω, λελυκότος.

Proparoxytone (acute on the antepenult): ἄνθρωπος, παιδεύομεν.

Perispomenon (circumflex on the ultima): γῆ, θεοῦ.

Properispomenon (circumflex on the penult): πρᾶξις, μοῦσα.

Barytone (when the ultima is unaccented, 158): μοῦσα, μήτηρ, πόλεμος.

A word is called barytone (βαρύ-τονος deep-toned, low-toned) when it has no accent on the ultima. All paroxytones, proparoxytones, and properispomena are also barytones.

Barytone stems of two syllables ending in ιτ, ιδ, ῑθ usually drop the dental and add ν.

χάρις grace (stem χαριτ-) χάριν, ἔρις strife (ἐριδ-) ἔριν, ὄρνῑς bird (ὀρνῑθ-) ὄρνῑν. So εὔελπις hopeful (εὐελπιδ-) εὔελπιν (292). Oxytones end in α: ἐλπίδ-α, σφρᾱγῖδα (σφρᾱγῑ́ς seal).

a. κλεῖς key (κλειδ-), Old Att. κλῄς, has κλεῖν (late κλεῖδα), acc. pl. κλεῖς (late κλεῖδας).

The vocative is the same as the nominative:

a. In stems ending in a stop (16) consonant (except those in ιτ, ιδ, ῑθ; ντ in nouns): ὦ φύλαξ watchman. (Αἴᾱς Ajax (Αἰαντ-) is nom. and voc.)

b. In oxytone stems ending in a liquid and not taking ς to form their nominative (242): ὦ ποιμήν shepherd (ποιμεν-); but ἀνήρ man, πατήρ father have ἄνερ, πάτερ (262). Barytones use the stem as the vocative: δαῖμον, ῥη̈τορ from δαίμων divinity, ῥήτωρ orator.

c. In all participles.