Topic · from the English index · as printed

Chiasmus

μέν

μέν and δέ are sometimes referred to the entire clause or to the predicate and not to the words that are opposed to each other. This arrangement is often adopted to preserve the symmetry of the juxtaposed clause. μέν and δέ are thus often placed after personal or demonstrative pronouns. Thus, ἔλεγε μὲν ὡς τὸ πολύ, τοῖς δὲ βουλομένοις ἐξῆν ἀκούειν Socrates for the most part was wont to talk, while any who chose could listen X. M. 1.1.10, πῶς ἂν πολλοὶ μὲν ἐπεθῡ́μουν τυραννεῖν . . . ; πῶς δὲ πάντες ἐζήλουν ἂν τοὺς τυράννους; why should many desire to possess despotic power? why should everybody envy despotic rulers? X. Hi. 1.9 (for πάντες δὲ πῶς ἐζήλουν ἄν). Cp. ἐν μὲν τούτοις . . . ἐν ἐκείνοις δέ Lyc. 140, περὶ αὑτῶν μὲν . . . περὶ δὲ τῶν δεσποτῶν L. 7.35, etc.

a. The transposition is often designed to produce a chiastic (3020) order, as ἔπαθε μὲν οὐδέν, πολλὰ δὲ κακὰ ἐνόμιζε ποιῆσαι he suffered no loss, but thought that he had done a great deal of damage X. A. 3.4.2 (here οὐδέν and πολλά are brought close together).

SOME GRAMMATICAL AND RHETORICAL FIGURES

Chiasmus (χῑασμός marking with diagonal lines like a X) is the crosswise arrangement of contrasted pairs to give alternate stress. By this figure both the extremes and the means are correlated. Cp. “Sweet is the breath of morn, her rising sweet”: Milton.

ἓν σῶμ᾽ ἔχων καὶ ψῡχὴν μίαν having one body and one soul D. 19.227.

So τοσοῦτον σὺ ἐμοῦ σοφώτερος εἶ τηλικούτου ὄντος τηλικόσδ᾽ ὤν; are you at your age so much wiser than I at mine? P. A. 25d, πᾶν μὲν ἔργον πᾶν δ᾽ ἔπος λέγοντάς τε καὶ πρᾱ́ττοντας lit. doing every deed and uttering every word P. R. 494e, δουλεύειν καὶ ἄρχεσθαι . . . ἄρχειν καὶ δεσπόζειν to be a slave and be ruled . . . to rule and be a master P. Ph. 80a.