The present stem is formed by adding -τόε- to the verbstem, which ends in π, β, or φ. The verb-stem is ascertained from the second aorist (if there is one) or from a word from the same root.
| κόπτω cut, | verb-stem κοπ- | in 2 aor. pass. ἐ-κόπ-ην. |
| βλάπτω injure, | “ “ βλαβ- | “ “ “ ἐ-βλάβ-ην. |
| καλύπτω cover, | “ “ καλυβ- | “ καλύβ-η hut. |
| ῥῑ́πτω throw, | “ “ ῥιφ-, ῥῑφ- | “ 2 aor. pass. ἐ-ρρίφ-ην. |
a. ἀστράπτω lighten, χαλέπτω oppress may be from -πι̯ω (117, 507).