Topic · from the English index · as printed

Defective

substantive

IRREGULAR DECLENSION

Defectives are substantives having, by reason of their meaning or use, only one number or only certain cases. Thus, sing. only: ὁ ἀήρ air, ὁ αἰθήρ upper air; plur. only: τὰ Διονῡ́σια, τὰ Ὀλύμπια the Dionysiac (Olympic) festival, οἱ ἐτησίαι annual winds; in some cases only: ὦ μέλε my good sir or madam; ὄναρ dream; ὄφελος use only in nom.; λιβός λίβα from *λίψ stream, libation.

comparison, of adjectives

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES

Defectives.—Some comparatives and superlatives are derived from prepositions or adverbs:

(πρό before) πρότερος former πρῶτος first
(ὑπέρ over, beyond) ὑπέρτερος (poetic) higher, ὑπέρτατος (poetic) high-
superior. est, supreme.
(πλησίον near) πλησιαίτερος πλησιαίτατος
(προὔργου serviceable) προυργιαίτερος
ὕστερος later, latter ὕστατος latest, last

a. -ατος appears in ὕπατος highest, ἔσχατος farthest, extreme (from ἐξ).