Deictic

Special uses of the particular article. The particular article defines

a. Objects well known: ὁ τῶν ἑπτὰ σοφώτατος Σόλων Solon the wisest of the Seven (Sages) P. Tim. 20d.

b Objects already mentioned or in the mind of the speaker or writer (the anaphoric article): εἶπον ὅτι τάλαντον ἀργυρίου ἕτοιμος εἴην δοῦναι . . . ὁ δὲ λαβὼν τὸ τάλαντον κ.τ.λ. I said that I was ready to give him a talent of silver . . . and he taking the talent, etc. L. 12.9-10.

c. Objects specially present to the senses or mind (the deictic article): λαβε τὸ βιβλίον take the book P. Th. 143c, βουλόμενος τὴν μάχην ποιῆσαι wishing to fight the battle T. 4.91. Hence the article is regularly used with demonstrative pronouns (1176).

N.—The foregoing (a - c) uses recall the old demonstrative force of the article. Words that ordinarily have no article may receive the article when this older force is present.

d. Objects particularized by an attributive or by a following description: ὁ δῆμος ὁ Ἀθηναίων the people of the Athenians Aes. 3.116, λέγε τὴν ἐπιστολήν, ἣν ἔπεμψεν read the letter that he sent D. 18.39. Cp. 1178 d.

e. Objects marked as usual or proper under the circumstances: τὸ μέρος τῶν ψήφων ὁ διώκων οὐκ ἔλαβεν the prosecutor did not get the (requisite) part of the votes D. 18.103.

f. Objects representative of their class (the distributive article, which resembles the generic use; often translated by a, each): ὑπισχνεῖται δώσειν τρία ἡμιδᾱρεικὰ τοῦ μηνὸς τῷ στρατιώτῃ he promises to give each soldier three half-darics a month X. A. 1.3.21. But the article may be omitted: καὶ εἵλοντο δέκα, ἕνα ἀπὸ φῡλῆς and they chose ten, one from (each) tribe X. H. 2.4.23.

§333

Demonstrative Pronouns.—The chief demonstrative pronouns are ὅδε this (here), οὗτος this, that, ἐκεῖνος that (there, yonder).

SINGULAR
Nom.	ὅδε	ἥδε	τόδε	οὗτος	αὕτη	τοῦτο	ἐκεῖνος	ἐκείνη	ἐκεῖνο
Gen.	τοῦδε	τῆσδε	τοῦδε	τούτου	ταύτης	τούτου	ἐκείνου	ἐκείνης	ἐκείνου
Dat.	τῷδε	τῇδε	τῷδε	τούτῳ	ταύτῃ	τούτῳ	ἐκείνῳ	ἐκείνῃ	ἐκείνῳ
Acc.	τόνδε	τήνδε	τόδε	τοῦτον	ταύτην	τοῦτο	ἐκεῖνον	ἐκείνην	ἐκεῖνο

DUAL
N. A.	τώδε	τώδε	τώδε	τούτω	τούτω	τούτω	ἐκείνω	ἐκ είνω	ἐκείνω
G. D.	τοῖνδε	τοῖνδε	τοῖνδε	τούτοιν	τούτοιν	τούτοιν	ἐκείνοιν	ἐκείνοιν	ἐκείνοιν

PLURAL
Nom.	οἵδε	αἵδε	τάδε	οὗτοι	αὗται	ταῦτα	ἐκεῖνοι	ἐκεῖναι	ἐκεῖνα
Gen.	τῶνδε	τῶνδε	τῶνδε	τούτων	τούτων	τούτων	ἐκείνων	ἐκείνων	ἐκείνων
Dat.	τοῖσδε	ταῖσδε	τοῖσδε	τούτοις	ταύταις	τούτοις	ἐκείνοις	ἐκείναις	ἐκείνοις
Acc.	τούσδε	τᾱ́σδε	τάδε	τούτους	ταύτᾱς	ταῦτα	ἐκείνους	ἐκείνᾱς	ἐκεῖνα

a. ὅδε is formed from the old demonstrative ὁ, ἡ, τό this or that, with the indeclinable demonstrative (and enclitic) ending -δε here (cp. hī-c from hī-ce, Fr. ce-ci). For the accent of ἥδε, οἵδε, αἵδε see 186.

b. οὗτος has the rough breathing and τ in the same places as the article. ου corresponds to the ο, αυ to the α, of the article. For οὗτος as a vocative, see 1288 a. (οὗτος is from ὁ + the particle *υ + the demonstrative suffix το + ς).

c. ἐκεῖνος has a variant form κεῖνος in poetry, and sometimes in prose (Demosthenes). (ἐκεῖνος stands for ἐκε(ι)-ενος from ἐκεῖ there + suffix -ενος.)

d. Other demonstrative pronouns are

τοσόσδε	τοσήδε	τοσόνδε	so much, so many )	pointing forward
τοιόσδε	τοιᾱ́δε	τοιόνδε	such (in quality) )	(to what follows).
τηλικόσδε	τηλικήδε	τηλικόνδε	so old, so great )

These are formed from -δε and the (usually) poetic τόσος, τοῖος, τηλίκος with the same meanings.

e. Combinations of the above words and οὗτος are

τοσοῦτος	τοσαύτη	τοσοῦτο(ν)	so much, so many )	pointing backward
τοιοῦτος	τοιαύτη	τοιοῦτο(ν)	such (in quality) )	(to what precedes).
τηλικοῦτος	τηλικαύτη	τηλικοῦτο(ν)	so old, so great )

The forms in -ν are more common than those in -ο. Attic prose inscriptions have only -ον.

article

suffix, -ῑ