Exclamations

§1243THE DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNSοὗτος is sometimes used of the second person: τίς οὑτοσῑ́; who's this here? ( = who are you?) Ar. Ach. 1048. So in exclamations: οὗτος, τί ποιεῖς; you there! what are you doing? Ar…

§1283VOCATIVEThe vocative is used in exclamations and in direct address: ὦ Ζεῦ καὶ θεοί oh Zeus and ye gods P. Pr. 310d, ἄνθρωπε my good fellow X. C. 2.2.7. The vocative forms an incomplete sen…

§2682EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES(I) By the relative pronouns οἷος, ὅσος, or by the relative adverb ὡς in exclamations of wonder. The sentences introduced by these words are commonly associated with vocatives or i…

§2684EXCLAMATORY SENTENCESDirect exclamations without a verb may be expressed by the vocative or nominative (1288) or by the genitive of cause (1407).

§1288VOCATIVEThe nominative may be used in exclamations as a predicate with the subject unexpressed: ὦ πικρὸς θεοῖς oh loathed of heaven S. Ph. 254, φίλος ὦ Μενέλᾱε ah dear Menelaus Δ 189; and …

§2684EXCLAMATORY SENTENCESDirect exclamations without a verb may be expressed by the vocative or nominative (1288) or by the genitive of cause (1407).

§1407GENITIVE OF CAUSEThe genitive of cause is used in exclamations and is often preceded by an interjection: φεῦ τοῦ ἀνδρός alas for the man! X. C. 3.1.39, τῆς τύχης my ill luck! 2. 2. 3. In tragedy, t…

§2684EXCLAMATORY SENTENCESDirect exclamations without a verb may be expressed by the vocative or nominative (1288) or by the genitive of cause (1407).

§2015F. Infinitive in Commands, Wishes, and ExclamationsInfinitive in Exclamations.—The infinitive is often used in exclamations of surprise or indignation. The subject stands in the accusative. ἐμὲ παθεῖν τάδε that I should suffer this…

§2036OTHER USES OF THE ARTICULAR INFINITIVEIn Exclamation (cp. 2015).—Thus, τῆς τύχης· τὸ ἐμὲ νῦν κληθέντα δεῦρο τυχεῖν my ill-luck! that I should happen now to have been summoned hither! X. C. 2.2.3.

§2683EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES(II) By the infinitive (2015, 2036).

§2036OTHER USES OF THE ARTICULAR INFINITIVEIn Exclamation (cp. 2015).—Thus, τῆς τύχης· τὸ ἐμὲ νῦν κληθέντα δεῦρο τυχεῖν my ill-luck! that I should happen now to have been summoned hither! X. C. 2.2.3.

§2158SUMMARY OF THE FORMS OF SIMPLE SENTENCESEXCLAMATIONS Exclamations form complete or incomplete (904) sentences. Direct and indirect exclamatory sentences are treated in 2681 ff. See also the Index.

§2575. 4DEPENDENT SUBSTANTIVE CLAUSES (2574-2635)There are four main divisions of substantive clauses. 1. Dependent Statements: subordinate clauses stating that something is; as λέγει ὡς οὐδέν ἐστιν ἀδικώτερον φήμης he says that …

§2682EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES(I) By the relative pronouns οἷος, ὅσος, or by the relative adverb ὡς in exclamations of wonder. The sentences introduced by these words are commonly associated with vocatives or i…

§2998Relative ὡς as an Adverbὡς exclamatory (2682) may be the relative adverb ὡς how, the relative clause originally being used in explanation of an exclamation. Exclamatory ὡς has also been explained as ὡς de…