Fear

In Hom. μή with the independent subjunctive is used to indicate fear and warning, or to suggest danger: μή τι χολωσάμενος ῥέξῃ κακὸν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν may he not (as I fear he may) in his anger do aught to injure the sons of the Achaeans B 195. Usually with the aorist, rarely with the present subjunctive (ο 19). The constructions of 1801, 1802 are used as object clauses after verbs of fearing (2221).

(I) By the relative pronouns οἷος, ὅσος, or by the relative adverb ὡς in exclamations of wonder. The sentences introduced by these words are commonly associated with vocatives or interjections. Cp. 340.

οἷα ποιεῖς, ὦ ἑταῖρε what are you about, my friend! P. Euth. 15c, ὦ φίλοι . . . , οἵην τερπωλὴν θεοὶ ἤγαγον ἐς τόδε δῶμα friends, such sport the gods have brought into this house! ς 37, ὅσην ἔχεις τὴν δύναμιν how great your power is! Ar. Pl. 748, ὦ πάππε, ὅσα πρᾱ́γματα ἔχεις oh grandfather, how much trouble you have! X. C. 1.3.4, ὦ φίλταθ᾽ Αἷμον, ὥς σ᾽ ἀτῑμάζει πατήρ, oh dearest Haemon, how thy father insults thee! S. Ant. 572, ὡς ἀστεῖος ὁ ἄνθρωπος how charming the man is! P. Ph. 116d.

a. Exclamatory ὡς may be the relative ὡς; but if it is the demonstrative ὡς, it means properly not how but so. Cp. 2998.

b. Double οἷος (exclamation within an exclamation) marks a strong contrast (cp. 2646) in direct and indirect exclamations. Thus, οἷα πρὸς οἵων ἀνδρῶν πάσχω what I suffer and at the hands of what men! S. Ant. 942, ἀπὸ οἵᾱς . . . αὐχήματος τοῦ πρώτου ἐς οἵᾱν τελευτὴν καὶ ταπεινότητα ἀφῑ́κατο from what boasting at first they had come to what a humiliating end T. 7.75. Triple οἷος in Gorgias, Helen 10.

c. Cp. 2647 for such sentences as οἵᾱν ἔχιδναν τήνδ᾽ ἔφῡσας what a viper is this woman whom thou hast begotten! E. Ion 1262.

d. οἴμ᾽ ὡς is common in expressions of impatience, anger, pity, grief, or fear; as οἴμ᾽ ὡς καταγελᾷς ah me, how you mock me! Ar. Nub. 1238, οἴμ᾽ ὡς ἔοικας ὀψὲ τὴν δίκην ἰδεῖν ah me, how thou seemest all too late to see the right! S. Ant. 1270, οἴμ᾽ ὡς δέδοικα ah me, how I fear! Ar. Pax 173.