Grieving

With verbs of emotion the genitive denotes the cause. Such verbs are to wonder at, admire, envy, praise, blame. hate, pity, grieve for, be angry at, take vengeance on, and the like.

ἐθαύμασα τῆς τόλμης τῶν λεγόντων I wondered at the hardihood of the speakers L. 12.41, τοῦτον ἀγασθεὶς τῆς πρᾳότητος admiring him for his mildness X. C. 2.3.21, ζηλῶ σε τοῦ νοῦ, τῆς δὲ δειλίᾱς στυγῶ I envy thee for thy prudence, I hate thee for thy cowardice S. El. 1027, σὲ ηὐδαιμόνισα τοῦ τρόπου I thought you happy because of your disposition P. Cr. 43b, συγχαίρω τῶν γεγενημένων I share the joy at what has happened D. 15.15, ἀνέχεσθαι τῶν οἰκείων ἀμελουμένων to put up with the neglect of my household affairs P. A. 31b, τὸν ξένον δίκαιον αἰνέσαι προθῡμίᾱς it is right to praise the stranger for his zeal E. I. A. 1371, οὔποτ᾽ ἀνδρὶ τῷδε κηρῡκευμάτων μέμψῃ never wilt thou blame me for my tidings A. Sept. 651, τοῦ πάθους ᾤκτῑρεν αὐτόν he pitied him for his misery X. C. 5.4.32, οὐδ᾽ εἰκὸς χαλεπῶς φέρειν αὐτών nor is it reasonable to grieve about them T. 2.62, οὐκέτι ὧν οὗτοι κλέπτουσιν ὀργίζεσθε, ἀλλ᾽ ὧν αὐτοὶ λαμβάνετε χάριν ἴστε you are no longer angry at their thefts, but you are grateful for what you get yourselves L. 27.11, τῑμωρήσασθαι αὐτοὺς τῆς ἐπιθέσεως to take revenge on them for their attack X. A. 7.4.23. Here belongs, by analogy, συγγιγνώσκειν αὐτοῖς χρὴ τῆς ἐπιθῡμίᾱς it is necessary to forgive them for their desire P. Eu. 306c (usually συγγιγνώσκειν τὴν ἐπιθῡμίᾱν τινί or τῇ ἐπιθῡμίᾳ τινός).

a. The genitive of cause is partly a true genitive, partly ablatival.

With verbs of emotion (rejoicing and grieving) the participle often denotes cause (cp. 2048).

χαίρω, ἥδομαι, τέρπομαι, γέγηθα (poet.) am pleased, take pleasure, ἀγαπῶ, στέργω am content, ἀγανακτῶ, ἄχθομαι, χαλεπῶς φέρω am vexed, displeased, ῥᾳδίως φέρω make light of, λῡποῦμαι grieve, ὀργίζομαι am angry, αἰσχῡ́νομαι, αἰδοῦμαι am ashamed (2126), μεταμέλομαι, μεταμέλει μοι repent. (Verbs of emotion also take ὅτι or ὡς, by which construction the object is simply stated; with the participle the connection is closer).

χαίρω διαλεγόμενος τοῖς σφόδρα πρεσβῡ́ταις I like to converse with very old men P. R. 328d, ὅστις ἥδεται λέγων ἀεί, λέληθεν αὑτὸν τοῖς ξυνοῦσιν ὢν βαρύς he who likes to be always talking is a bore to his companions without knowing it S. fr. 99, οὐκ ἀγαπῶ ζῶν ἐπὶ τούτοις I am not content to live on these conditions I. 12.8, οὐκ ἂν ἀχθοίμην μανθάνων I should not be annoyed at learning P. Lach. 189a, χαλεπῶς ἔφερον οἰκίᾱς κατελείποντες they took it hard at abandoning their homes T. 2.16, ἀδικούμενοι οἱ ἄνθρωποι μᾶλλον ὀργίζονται ἢ βιαζόμενοι men are more angered at being the victims of injustice than of compulsion 1. 77, οὐ γὰρ αἰσχῡ́νομαι μανθάνων for I am not ashamed to learn P. Hipp. Min. 372 c, μετεμέλοντο τᾱ̀ς σπονδᾱ̀ς οὐ δεξάμενοι they repented not having accepted the truce T. 4.27, οὔ μοι μεταμέλει οὕτως ἀπολογησαμένῳ I do not repent having made such a defence P. A. 38e.

a. The participle agrees with the case of the person in regard to whom the emotion is manifested: ἀκούοντες χαίρουσιν ἐξεταζομένοις τοῖς οἰομένοις μὲν εἶναι σοφοῖς, οὖσι δ᾽ οὔ they like to hear the examination of those who pretend to be wise, but are not so in reality P. A. 33c. This construction must be distinguished from that occurring in poetry, whereby verbs like χαίρω and ἄχθομαι (which commonly take the dative) often admit the accusative and the participle: τοὺς γὰρ εὐσεβεῖς θεοὶ θνῄσκοντας οὐ χαίρουσι for the gods do not rejoice at the death of the righteous E. Hipp. 1339.

b. So with verbs meaning to satiate oneself: ὑπισχνούμενος οὐκ ἐνεπίμπλασο you could not satiate yourself with promises X. A. 7.7.46.

Verbs of emotion (to rejoice, grieve, be angry, wonder, etc.) take ὅτι (ὡς) with a finite verb (negative οὐ), but more commonly the participle (2100) when the subject is not changed.

a. Hom. prefers ὅτι, ὡς to the participle or infinitive.

b. The accusative and infinitive with verbs of emotion are rare; as with θαυμάζω E. Alc. 1130. (θαυμάζω may be followed by a dependent question: D. 37.44).

c. On verbs of emotion with εἰ instead of ὅτι, ὡς (negative, generally μή), see 2247. On the use in dependent exclamations, see 2687.

With verbs of emotion (rejoicing and grieving) the participle often denotes cause (cp. 2048).

χαίρω, ἥδομαι, τέρπομαι, γέγηθα (poet.) am pleased, take pleasure, ἀγαπῶ, στέργω am content, ἀγανακτῶ, ἄχθομαι, χαλεπῶς φέρω am vexed, displeased, ῥᾳδίως φέρω make light of, λῡποῦμαι grieve, ὀργίζομαι am angry, αἰσχῡ́νομαι, αἰδοῦμαι am ashamed (2126), μεταμέλομαι, μεταμέλει μοι repent. (Verbs of emotion also take ὅτι or ὡς, by which construction the object is simply stated; with the participle the connection is closer).

χαίρω διαλεγόμενος τοῖς σφόδρα πρεσβῡ́ταις I like to converse with very old men P. R. 328d, ὅστις ἥδεται λέγων ἀεί, λέληθεν αὑτὸν τοῖς ξυνοῦσιν ὢν βαρύς he who likes to be always talking is a bore to his companions without knowing it S. fr. 99, οὐκ ἀγαπῶ ζῶν ἐπὶ τούτοις I am not content to live on these conditions I. 12.8, οὐκ ἂν ἀχθοίμην μανθάνων I should not be annoyed at learning P. Lach. 189a, χαλεπῶς ἔφερον οἰκίᾱς κατελείποντες they took it hard at abandoning their homes T. 2.16, ἀδικούμενοι οἱ ἄνθρωποι μᾶλλον ὀργίζονται ἢ βιαζόμενοι men are more angered at being the victims of injustice than of compulsion 1. 77, οὐ γὰρ αἰσχῡ́νομαι μανθάνων for I am not ashamed to learn P. Hipp. Min. 372 c, μετεμέλοντο τᾱ̀ς σπονδᾱ̀ς οὐ δεξάμενοι they repented not having accepted the truce T. 4.27, οὔ μοι μεταμέλει οὕτως ἀπολογησαμένῳ I do not repent having made such a defence P. A. 38e.

a. The participle agrees with the case of the person in regard to whom the emotion is manifested: ἀκούοντες χαίρουσιν ἐξεταζομένοις τοῖς οἰομένοις μὲν εἶναι σοφοῖς, οὖσι δ᾽ οὔ they like to hear the examination of those who pretend to be wise, but are not so in reality P. A. 33c. This construction must be distinguished from that occurring in poetry, whereby verbs like χαίρω and ἄχθομαι (which commonly take the dative) often admit the accusative and the participle: τοὺς γὰρ εὐσεβεῖς θεοὶ θνῄσκοντας οὐ χαίρουσι for the gods do not rejoice at the death of the righteous E. Hipp. 1339.

b. So with verbs meaning to satiate oneself: ὑπισχνούμενος οὐκ ἐνεπίμπλασο you could not satiate yourself with promises X. A. 7.7.46.

The conjunctions ὅτι or ὡς that introduce dependent statements in the indicative and optative

After verbs of saying, knowing, perceiving, showing, etc.

After verbs of emotion (rejoicing, grieving, wondering), etc.

Or such dependent statements contain an explanation of the main clause or of a word in that clause, no special verb introducing the conjunction.

τοῦτο ἄξιον ἐπαινεῖν τῶν ἀνδρῶν τῶν τότε ναυμαχησάντων, ὅτι τὸν . . . φόβον διέλῡσαν τῶν Ἑλλήνων it is right to praise this in the men who engaged in the sea-fight of those days, (namely) that they dispelled the fear felt by the Greeks P. Menex. 241b.

Verbs of emotion (to rejoice, grieve, be angry, wonder, etc.) take ὅτι (ὡς) with a finite verb (negative οὐ), but more commonly the participle (2100) when the subject is not changed.

a. Hom. prefers ὅτι, ὡς to the participle or infinitive.

b. The accusative and infinitive with verbs of emotion are rare; as with θαυμάζω E. Alc. 1130. (θαυμάζω may be followed by a dependent question: D. 37.44).

c. On verbs of emotion with εἰ instead of ὅτι, ὡς (negative, generally μή), see 2247. On the use in dependent exclamations, see 2687.