Instrumental dative

Predicate Use: στεφάνους ῥόδων ὄντας, ἀλλ᾽ οὐ χρῡσίου crowns that were of roses, not of gold D. 22.70, ἐστρωμένη ἐστὶ ὁδὸς λίθου a road was paved with stone Hdt. 2.138, and often with verbs of making, which admit also the instrumental dative. Hdt. has ποιεῖσθαι ἀπό and ἔκ τινος.

The genitive is used with verbs signifying to fill, to be full of. The thing filled is put in the accusative.

οὐκ ἐμπλήσετε τὴν θάλατταν τριήρων ; will you not cover the sea with your triremes? D. 8.74, ἀναπλῆσαι αἰτιῶν to implicate in guilt P. A. 32c, τροφῆς εὐπορεῖν to have plenty of provisions X. Vect. 6.1, τριήρης σεσαγμένη ἀνθρώπων a trireme stowed with men X. O. 8.8, ὕβρεως μεστοῦσθαι to be filled with pride P. L. 713c. So with πλήθειν, πληροῦν, γέμειν, πλουτεῖν, βρῑ́θειν (poet.), βρύειν (poet.).

a. Here belong also χεὶρ στάζει θυηλῆς Ἄρεος his hand drips with sacrifice to Ares S. El. 1423, μεθυσθεὶς τοῦ νέκταρος intoxicated with nectar P. S. 203b, ἡ πηγὴ ῥεῖ ψῡχροῦ ὕδατος the spring flows with cold water P. Phae. 230b. The instrumental dative is sometimes used.

The genitive is used with verbs signifying to buy, sell, cost, value, exchange. The price for which one gives or does anything stands in the genitive.

ἀργυρίου πρίασθαι ἢ ἀποδόσθαι ἵππον to buy or sell a horse for money P. R. 333b, Θεμιστοκλέᾱ τῶν μεγίστων δωρεῶν ἠξίωσαν they deemed Themistocles worthy of the greatest gifts I. 4.154, οὐκ ἀνταλλακτέον μοι τὴν φιλοτῑμίᾱν οὐδενὸς κέρδους I must not barter my public spirit for any price D. 19.223. So with τάττειν rate, μισθοῦν let, μισθοῦσθαι hire, ἐργάζεσθαι work, and with any verb of doing anything for a wage, as οἱ τῆς παρ᾽ ἡμέρᾱν χάριτος τὰ μέγιστα τῆς πόλεως ἀπολωλεκότες those who have ruined the highest interests of the State to purchase ephemeral popularity D. 8.70, πόσου διδάσκει; πέντε μνῶν for how much does he teach? for five minae P. A. 20b, οἱ Χαλδαῖοι μισθοῦ στρατεύονται the Chaldaeans serve for pay X. C. 3.2.7.

a. The instrumental dative is also used. With verbs of exchanging, ἀντί is usual (1683).

Compounds of σύν take the instrumental, compounds of ἐν take the locative dative.