Inverse

Inverse Attraction.—An antecedent nominative or (oftener) accusative may be attracted to the case of the relative. The attracted antecedent is often prefixed for emphasis to the relative clause, which thus separates it from the verb it governs or by which it is governed. Cp. urbem quam statuo vestra est, and “Him (= he whom) I accuse, By this, the city ports hath enter'd” (Shakespeare), where the antecedent is attracted into the case of the (omitted) relative.

τᾱ́σδε (for αἵδε) δ᾽ ᾱ̔́σπερ εἰσορᾷς . . . χωροῦσι but the women whom thou seest are coming S. Tr. 283, πολῑτείᾱν (for πολῑτείᾱ) οἵᾱν εἶναι χρή παρὰ μόνοις ἡμῖν ἐστιν we alone have an ideal constitution (lit. such as ought to be) I. 6.48, ἔλεγον ὅτι Λακεδαιμόνιοι ὧν δέονται πάντων (for πάντα) πεπρᾱγότες εἶεν they said that the Lacedaemonians had gained all they asked for X. H. 1.4.2.

a. The main clause may contain a resumptive demonstrative pronoun; as τὸν ἄνδρα τοῦτον, δ̀ν πάλαι ζητεῖς . . ., οὗτός ἐστιν ἐνθάδε this man whom you have long been searching for, this man is here S. O. T. 449.

b. The rare cases of the inverse attraction of the dative are suspected or admit another explanation (E. Med. 12, S. El. 653, X. Hi. 7.2).

c. So with adverbs: καὶ ἄλλοσε (for ἄλλοθι) ὅποι ἂν ἀφίκῃ ἀγαπήσουσί δε and elsewhere, wherever you go, they will love you P. Cr. 45c.

οὐδεὶς ὅστις οὐ every one (lit. nobody who not) for οὐδείς ἐστιν ὅστις οὐ, commonly shows inverse attraction, is treated like a single pronoun, and inflected οὐδενὸς ὅτου οὐ, οὐδενὶ ὅτῳ οὐ, οὐδένα ὅντινα οὐ.

οὐδενὸς ὅτου οὐχὶ ἀλογώτερον than which there is nothing more irrational P. Charm. 175c, οὐδενὶ ὅτῳ οὐκ ἀποκρῑνόμενος replying to every one P. Men. 70c, περὶ ὧν οὐδένα κίνδῡνον ὅντιν᾽ οὐχ ὑπέμειναν οἱ πρόγονοι for which our ancestors underwent every danger D. 18.200.

a. Cp. οὐδαμῶν Ἑλληνικῶν τῶν οὐ πολλὸν μέζω his power was much greater than any Hellenic power Hdt. 7.145 (= οὐδαμά ἐστι τῶν), οὐδαμῶς ὡς οὐ φήσομεν it can in no wise be that we should say no P. Pol. 308b.

Aphaeresis (ἀφᾳίρεσις taking away) is the elision of ε at the beginning of a word after a word ending in a long vowel or diphthong. This occurs only in poetry, and chiefly after μή not, ἤ or. Thus, μὴ ᾽νταῦθα, ἢ ᾽μέ, παρέξω ᾽μαυτόν, αὐτὴ ᾽ξῆλθεν. In some texts editors prefer to adopt crasis (62) or synizesis (60). α is rarely elided thus.