Nasal vbs.

According to the ending of the verb-stem, ω-verbs are termed:

1. Vowel (or pure) verbs:

a. Not contracted: those that end in υ or ι, as λῡ́-ω loose, παιδεύ-ω educate, χρῑ́-ω anoint. Such verbs retain the final vowel of the stem unchanged in all their forms.

b. Contracted: those that end in α, ε, ο, as τῑμῶ honour from τῑμά-ω, ποιῶ make from ποιέ-ω, δηλῶ manifest from δηλό-ω.

2. Consonant verbs, as:

Liquid or nasal verbs: δέρ-ω flay, μέν-ω remain.

Verbs ending in a stop (or mute), as ἄγ-ω lead, πείθ-ω persuade.

N.—Verbs ending in a stop consonant are called labial, dental, or palatal verbs. Consonant verbs do not retain the final consonant of the stem unchanged in all their forms. The final consonant may be assimilated to a following consonant, or may form with it a double consonant.

Perfect and pluperfect middle and passive of ἐλέγχω (ἐλεγχ-) confute, ἀγγέλλω (ἀγγελ-) announce, φαίνω (φαν-) show, τελέω (τελε-) finish.

Perfect Indicative

Pluperfect Indicative

Perfect Subjunctive and Optative

Perfect Imperative

Perfect Infinitive and Participle

Euphonic Changes.—For the euphonic changes in these forms see 82-87, 103.

a. Labial Stems.—λέλειμ-μαι is for λελειπ-μαι, λέλειφ-θον is for λελειπ-σθον, λέλειφθε is for λελειπ-σθε (103). In the same manner are inflected other labial stems, as τρῑ́βω (τρῑβ-) rub, ῥῑ́πτω (ῥῑπ-) throw: τέτρῑμ-μαι for τετρῑβ-μαι, τέτρῑψαι for τετρῑβ-σαι, etc. Stems ending in μπ drop π before μ, but retain it before other consonants. Thus,

b. Dental Stems.—πέπεισ-ται is for πεπειθ-ται (83), πέπεισ-θον is for πεπειθθον (83), πέπεισθε is for πεπειθ-(σ)θε (83, 103). The ς thus produced was trans ferred to the first persons πέπεισμαι, πεπείσμεθα (86, 87). Like πέπεισμαι, etc., are formed and inflected ἔψευσμαι from ψεύδω (ψευδ-) deceive, πέφρασμαι from φράζω (φραδ-) declare, ἔσπεισμαι (100) from σπένδω (σπενδ-) pour a libation.