Topic · from the English index · as printed

Ordinal numerals

NUMERALS

The numeral adjectives and corresponding adverbs are as follows:

SIGN CARDINAL ORDINAL ADVERB
1 αʹ εἷς, μία, ἕν one πρῶτος first ἅπαξ once
2 βʹ δύο two δεύτερος second δίς twice
3 γʹ τρεῖς, τρία three τρίτος third τρίς thrice
4 δʹ τέτταρες, τέτταρα τέταρτος, -η, -ον τετράκις
(τέσσαρες, τέσσαρα)
5 εʹ πέντε πέμπτος πεντάκις
6 ϛʹ ἕξ ἕκτος ἑξάκις
7 ζʹ ἑπτά ἕβδομος ἑπτάκις
8 ηʹ ὀκτώ ὄγδοος ὀκτάκις
9 θʹ ἐννέα ἔνατος ἐνάκις
10 ιʹ δέκα δέκατος, -η, -ον δεκάκις
11 ιαʹ ἕνδεκα ἑνδέκατος ἑνδεκάκις
12 ιβʹ δώδεκα δωδέκατος δωδεκάκις
13 ιγʹ τρεῖς (τρία) καὶ δέκα τρίτος καὶ δέκατος τρεισκαιδεκάκις
(or τρεισκαίδεκα)
14 ιδʹ τέτταρες (τέτταρα) καὶ τέταρτος καὶ δέκατος τετταρεσκαιδεκάκις
δέκα
15 ιεʹ πεντεκαίδεκα πέμπτος καὶ δέκατος πεντεκαιδεκάκις
16 ιϛʹ ἑκκαίδεκα (for ἑξκαίδεκα ἕκτος καὶ δέκατος ἑκκαιδεκάκις
103)
17 ιζʹ ἑπτακαίδεκα ἕβδομος καὶ δέκατος ἑπτακαιδεκάκις
18 ιηʹ ὀκτωκαίδεκα ὄγδοος καὶ δέκατος ὀκτωκαιδεκάκις
19 ιθʹ ἐννεακαίδεκα ἔνατος καὶ δέκατος ἐννεακαιδεκάκις
20 κʹ εἴκοσι (ν) εἰκοστός, -ή, -όν εἰκοσάκις
21 καʹ εἷς καὶ εἴκοσι (ν) or πρῶτος καὶ εἰκοστός εἰκοσάκις ἅπαξ
εἴκοσι (καὶ) εἷς
30 λʹ τριᾱ́κοντα τριᾱκοστός τριᾱκοντάκις
40 μʹ τετταράκοντα τετταρακοστός τετταρακοντάκις
50 νʹ πεντήκοντα πεντηκοστός πεντηκοντάκις
60 ξʹ ἑξήκοντα ἑξηκοστός ἑξηκοντάκις
70 οʹ ἑβδομήκοντα ἑβδομηκοστός ἑβδομηκοντάκις
80 πʹ ὀγδοήκοντα ὀγδοηκοστός ὀγδοηκοντάκις
90 ϙʹ ἐνενήκοντα ἐνενηκοστός ἐνενηκοντάκις
100 ρʹ ἑκατόν ἑκατοστός, -ή, -όν ἑκατοντάκις
200 σʹ διᾱκόσιοι, -αι, -α διᾱκοσιοστός διᾱκοσιάκις
300 τʹ τριᾱκόσιοι τριᾱκοσιοστός τριᾱκοσιάκις
400 υʹ τετρακόσιοι τετρακοσιοστός τετρακοσιάκις
500 φʹ πεντακόσιοι πεντακοσιοστός πεντακοσιάκις
600 χʹ ἑξακόσιοι ἑξακοσιοστός ἑξακοσιάκις
700 ψʹ ἑπτακόσιοι ἑπτακοσιοστός ἑπτακοσιάκις
800 ωʹ ὀκτακόσιοι ὀκτακοσιοστός ὀκτακοσιάκις
900 ϡʹ ἐνακόσιοι ἐνακοσιοστός ἐνακοσιάκις
1,000 ͵α χῑ́λιοι, -αι, -α χῑλιοστός, -ή, -όν χῑλιάκις
2,000 ͵β δισχῑ́λιοι δισχῑλιοστός δισχῑλιάκις
3,000 ͵γ τρισχῑ́λιοι τρισχῑλιοστός τρισχῑλιάκις
10,000 ͵ι μῡ́ριοι, -αι, -α μῡριοστός μῡριάκις
20,000 ͵κ δισμῡ́ριοι δισμῡριοστός δισμῡριάκις
100,000 ͵ρ δεκακισμῡ́ριοι δεκακισμῡριοστός δεκακισμῡριάκις

N.—Above 10,000: δύο μῡριάδες 20,000, etc., μῡριάκις μῡ́ριοι, i.e. 10,000 x 10,000.

NUMERALS

The cardinals from 5 to 199 are indeclinable; from 200 the cardinals, and all the ordinals from first on, are declined like ἀγαθός.

a. Compound numbers above 20 are expressed by placing the smaller number first (with καί) or the larger number first (with or without καί).

δύο καὶ εἴκοσι (ν) two and twenty δεύτερος καὶ εἰκοστός
εἴκοσι καὶ δύο twenty and two, or εἴκοσι δύο twenty-two εἰκοστὸς καὶ δεύτερος
555 = πέντε καὶ πεντήκοντα καὶ πεντακόσιοι or πεντακόσιοι (καὶ) πεντήκοντα (καὶ)
πέντε.

b. For 21st, 31st, etc., εἷς (for πρῶτος) καὶ εἰκοστός (τριᾱκοστός) is permissible, but otherwise the cardinal is rarely thus joined with the ordinal.

c. Compounds of 10, 20, etc., with 8 and 9 are usually expressed by subtraction with the participle of δέω lack, as 18, 19, δυοῖν (ἑνὸς) δέοντες εἴκοσι. So ναυσὶ μιᾶς δεούσαις τεττάρακοντα with 39 ships, δυοῖν δέοντα πεντήκοντα ἔτη 48 years; and with ordinals ἑνὸς δέον εἰκοστὸν ἔτος the 19th year. The same method may be employed in other numbers than 8's or 9's: ἑπτὰ ἀποδέοντες τριᾱκόσιοι, i.e. 293.

d. An ordinal followed by ἐπὶ δέκα denotes the day of the month from the 13th to the 19th, as πέμπτῃ ἐπὶ δέκα on the 15th.

THE ARTICLE WITH NUMERALS

The article may be used with cardinal numerals

a. When the numeral states the definite part of a whole (expressed or understood): ἀπῆσαν τῶν λόχων δώδεκα ὄντων οἱ τρεῖς of the companies, numbering twelve (in all), there were absent three X. H. 7.5.10, εἷς παρὰ τοὺς δέκα one man in (comparison with) ten X. O. 20.16, τῶν πέντε τᾱ̀ς δύο μοίπᾱς two fifths T. 1.10, δύο μέρη two thirds 3. 15. (The genitive is omitted when the denominator exceeds the numerator by one.)

b. When the numeral is approximate: ἔμειναν ἡμέρᾱς ἀμφὶ τᾱ̀ς τριᾱ́κοντα they remained about thirty days X. A. 4.8.22, γεγονότες τὰ πεντήκοντα ἔτη about fifty years of age X. C. 1.2.13.

c. When the number is used abstractly (without reference to any definite object): ὅπως μὴ ἐρεῖς ὅτι ἔστιν τὰ δώδεκα δὶς ἕξ beware of saying 12 is twice 6 P. R. 337b.

N. Ordinals usually omit the article and regularly do so in statements of time in the dative (1540): δευτέρῳ μηνὶ τὴν πόλιν ἐτείχιζον in the second month they fortified the city T. 8.64.

THE ARTICLE AND A PREDICATE NOUN

Predicate comparatives and superlatives, possessive pronouns, and ordinals have no article: ᾤμην τὴν ἐμαυτοῦ γυναῖκα πᾱσῶν σωφρονεστάτην <*> I thought that my wife was (the) most virtuous of all L. 1.10, Χαιρεφῶν <*> ἑταῖρος ἦν Chaerephon was a friend of mine P. A. 21a. Cp. 1125 d.

THE PRONOUN αὐτός

Special renderings of the emphatic αὐτός:

a. By itself, in itself, unaided, alone, etc.: αὐτὴ ἡ ἀλήθεια the naked truth Aes. 3.207, τὸ πλέον τοῦ χωρίου αὐτὸ καρτερὸν ὑπῆρχε the greater part of the place was strong in itself (without artificial fortification) T. 4.4. On αὐτοῖς ἀνδράσι men and all, see 1525. αὐτό with a noun of any gender is used by Plato to denote the abstract idea of a thing: αὐτὸ τὸ καλόν ideal beauty R. 493 e, αὐτὸ δικαιοσύνη ideal justice 472 c.

b. Just, merely: αὐτὸ τὸ δέον just what we want X. A. 4.7.7, αὐτὰ τάδε merely this T. 1.139.

c. Voluntarily: ἄνδρας οἳ καὶ τοῖς μὴ ἐπικαλουμένοις αὐτοὶ ἐπιστρατεύουσι men who uninvited turn their arms even against those who do not ask their assistance T. 4.60.

d. The Master (said by a pupil or slave): Αὐτὸς ἔφᾱ the Master (Pythagoras) said it (ipse dixit) Diog. Laert. 8.1. 46, τίς οὗτος; Αὐτός. τίς Αὐτός; Σωκράτης Who's this? The Master. Who's the Master? Socrates Ar. Nub. 220.

e. With ordinals: ᾑρέθη πρεσβευτὴς δέκατος αὐτός he was chosen envoy with nine others (i.e. himself the tenth) X. H. 2.2.17.