Personal pronouns

§181 a, 181 DENCLITICSEnclitics (from ἐγκλῑ́νω lean on, upon) are words attaching themselves closely to the preceding word, after which they are pronounced rapidly. Enclitics usually lose their accent. …

§187 N. 1, 2ENCLITICSAn enclitic retains its accent (is orthotone, cp. 181 N.): a. When it is emphatic, as in contrasts: ἢ σοὶ ἢ τῷ πατρί σου either to you or to your father (ἐμοῦ, ἐμοί, ἐμέ are emphat…

§325PRONOUNSThe Personal Pronouns.—The pronouns of the first, second, and third person are declined as follows: SINGULAR Nom. ἐγώ I σύ thou — he, she, it (325 d) Gen. ἐμοῦ; μου enclitic σοῦ; σ…

§1195THE PERSONAL PRONOUNSHomer uses ἕο, οἷ, etc., as personal pronouns ( = αὐτοῦ, αὐτῷ, etc., in Attic), in which case they are enclitic: διὰ μαντοσύνην, τήν οἱ πόρε Φοῖβος by the art of divination, which …

§325PRONOUNSThe Personal Pronouns.—The pronouns of the first, second, and third person are declined as follows: SINGULAR Nom. ἐγώ I σύ thou — he, she, it (325 d) Gen. ἐμοῦ; μου enclitic σοῦ; σ…

§326PRONOUNSStems.—I. (ἐ) με- (cp. Lat. me), νω- (cp. Lat. νο̄-ς), (ἐ)μο-, ἡμε-. ἐμοῦ is from ἐμέο; ἡμεῖς from ἀμμε-ες (37) with the rough breathing in imitation of ῡ̔μεῖς; ἡμῶν from ἡμέων, ἡμ…

§325 dPRONOUNSThe Personal Pronouns.—The pronouns of the first, second, and third person are declined as follows: SINGULAR Nom. ἐγώ I σύ thou — he, she, it (325 d) Gen. ἐμοῦ; μου enclitic σοῦ; σ…

§1194THE PERSONAL PRONOUNSThe nominative of the pronoun of the third person is replaced by ἐκεῖνος (of absent persons), ὅδε, οὗτος (of present persons), ὁ μέν . . . ὁ δέ (at the beginning of a sentence), an…

§1194THE PERSONAL PRONOUNSThe nominative of the pronoun of the third person is replaced by ἐκεῖνος (of absent persons), ὅδε, οὗτος (of present persons), ὁ μέν . . . ὁ δέ (at the beginning of a sentence), an…

§325 dPRONOUNSThe Personal Pronouns.—The pronouns of the first, second, and third person are declined as follows: SINGULAR Nom. ἐγώ I σύ thou — he, she, it (325 d) Gen. ἐμοῦ; μου enclitic σοῦ; σ…

§328 bPRONOUNSαὐτός is a definite adjective and a pronoun. It has three meanings: a. self: standing by itself in the nominative, αὐτὸς ὁ ἀνήρ or ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτός the man himself, or (without the art…

§1204THE PRONOUN αὐτόςαὐτός is used as an adjective and as a pronoun. It has three distinct uses: (1) as an intensive adjective pronoun it means self (ipse). (2) As an adjective pronoun, when preceded b…

§1212THE PRONOUN αὐτόςαὐτός when unemphatic and standing alone in the oblique cases means him, her, it, them. ἐκέλευον αὐτὴν ἀπιέναι they ordered her to depart L. 1.12.

§1099THE ARTICLE—ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENTThe article ὁ, ἡ, τό, was originally a demonstrative pronoun, and as such supplied the place of the personal pronoun of the third person. By gradual weakening it became the definit…

§1100ὁ, ἡ, τό IN HOMERIn Homer ὁ, ἡ, τό is usually a demonstrative pronoun and is used substantively or adjectively; it also serves as the personal pronoun of the third person: ἀλλὰ τὸ θαυμάζω but I mar…

§1113VARIOUS USES OF ὁ (ὅς), ἡ (ἥ), τό DEMONSTRATIVEAs a personal pronoun, chiefly after καί, and in the nominative: καὶ ὅς (ἥ) and he (she): καὶ οἳ εἶπον and they said X. A. 7.6.4. Also in ἦ δ᾽ ὅς and he said P. R. 327c (792). So κ…

§1194THE PERSONAL PRONOUNSThe nominative of the pronoun of the third person is replaced by ἐκεῖνος (of absent persons), ὅδε, οὗτος (of present persons), ὁ μέν . . . ὁ δέ (at the beginning of a sentence), an…

§1195THE PERSONAL PRONOUNSHomer uses ἕο, οἷ, etc., as personal pronouns ( = αὐτοῦ, αὐτῷ, etc., in Attic), in which case they are enclitic: διὰ μαντοσύνην, τήν οἱ πόρε Φοῖβος by the art of divination, which …

§1171Predicate Position of AdjectivesThe predicate position is employed with the demonstratives οὗτος, ὅδε, ἐκεῖνος, and ἄμφω, ἀμφότερος, ἑκάτερος, and ἕκαστος; with the possessive genitives of personal and relative p…

§1183PECULIARITIES OF POSITION WITH THE ARTICLEThe article is not used with possessive pronouns or the genitive of personal and reflexive pronouns (cp. 1184, 1185): a. When no particular object is meant: ἐμὸν βιβλίον or βιβλίον…

§1185POSITION OF THE GENITIVE OF PRONOUNS AND THE ARTICLEIn the predicate position stands a. The genitive of the personal pronouns (whether partitive or not): τὸ βιβλίον μου (σου, αὐτοῦ, etc.), or μου σου, αὐτοῦ. etc.) τὸ βιβλίον when ot…

§1196 aTHE POSSESSIVE PRONOUNSThe possessive pronouns (330) of the first and second persons are the equivalents of the possessive genitive of the personal pronouns: ἐμός = μου, σός = σου, ἡμέτερος = ἡμῶν, ῡ̔μέτ…

§1187INTERROGATIVES, ἄλλος, πολύς, ὀλίγος WITH THE ARTICLESo even with a personal pronoun: A. δεῦρο δὴ εὐθὺ ἡμῶν . . . B. ποῖ λέγεις καὶ παρὰ τίνας τοὺς ῡ̔μᾶς; A. Come hither straight to us. B. Whither do you mean and who are you that I a…

§1190THE PERSONAL PRONOUNSThe nominative of the personal pronoun is usually omitted except when emphatic, e.g. in contrasts, whether expressed or implied: ἐπεὶ ῡ̔μεῖς ἐμοὶ οὐ θέλετε πείθεσθαι, ἐγω σὺν ῡ̔μῖν…

§1191THE PERSONAL PRONOUNSWhere there is no contrast the addition of the pronoun may strengthen the verb: εἰ μηδὲ τοῦτο βούλει ἀποκρῑ́νασθαι, σὺ δὲ τοὐντεῦθεν λέγε if you do not wish to reply even to this, …

§1192THE PERSONAL PRONOUNSThe forms ἐμοῦ, ἐμοί, and ἐμέ and the accented forms of the pronoun of the second person (325 a) are used when emphatic and usually after prepositions: καὶ πείσᾱς ἐμὲ πιστὰ ἔδωκάς …

§1193THE PERSONAL PRONOUNSἐγώ, σύ (ἐμός, σός) are rarely used of an imaginary person (‘anybody’): D. 9.17, X. R. A. 1.11.