Topic · from the English index · as printed
Pleonasm
μᾶλλον with comparison
§1084COMPARATIVEStrengthened forms.—The comparative may be strengthened by ἔτι, πολλῷ, μακρῷ (1513), πολύ (1609), πολὺ ἔτι, etc. μᾶλλον is sometimes used with the comparative: αἰσχυντηροτέρω μᾶλλο…
μάλιστα, etc., with superlative
§1090SUPERLATIVEμάλιστα, or πλεῖστον, μέγιστον, occurs with the superlative: οἱ μάλιστα ἀνοητότατοι the very stupidest P. Tim. 92a. In poetry βαθυ- has the effect of a superlative: βαθύπλουτος exc…
of preposition
§1386GENITIVE WITH COMPOUND VERBSIn general, prose, as distinguished from poetry, repeats the preposition contained in the compound; but κατά is not repeated.
§1549DATIVE WITH COMPOUND VERBSWhen the idea of place is emphatic, the preposition may be repeated: ἐμμείναντες ἐν τῇ Ἀττικῇ remaining in Attica T. 2.23; but it is generally not repeated when the idea is figurat…
§1550DATIVE WITH COMPOUND VERBSThe prepositions are more frequently repeated in prose than in poetry.
§1654PREPOSITIONSThe addition of a preposition to a verb may have no effect on the construction, as in ἐκβῆναι τῆς νεώς, whereas βῆναι τῆς νεώς originally, and still in poetry, can mean go from-the…
of internal object
§1554ACCUSATIVEThe direct object is of two kinds: a. The internal object (object effected): ὁ ἀνὴρ τύπτει πολλᾱ̀ς πληγᾱ́ς the man strikes many blows. N. 1.—Here the object is already contained (o…
§1564COGNATE ACCUSATIVE(I) The substantive in the accusative is of the same origin as the verb. πολλὴν φλυᾱρίᾱν φλυᾱροῦντα talking much nonsense P. A. 19c, ξυνέφυγε τὴν φυγὴν ταύτην he shared in the rece…
§1570COGNATE ACCUSATIVEAn attributive word is usually necessary (but not in Hom.); otherwise the addition of the substantive to the verb would be tautologous. But the attribute is omitted: a. When the no…
§1571COGNATE ACCUSATIVEThe substantive without an attribute is (rarely) added to the verb as a more emphatic form of statement: λῆρον ληρεῖν to talk sheer nonsense Ar. Pl. 517, ὕβριν ὑβρίζειν to insult g…
§1620INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL OBJECT WITH ONE VERBThe external object refers to a person, the internal object (cognate accusative, 1563 ff.) refers to a thing. Here the internal object stands in closer relation to the verb. ὁ πόλε…
of middle voice with reflexive pronoun
§1724MIDDLE VOICEMiddle and Reflexive.—The reflexive pronoun may be used with the middle: ἑαυτὸν ἀποκρύπτεσθαι to hide himself P. R. 393c; often for emphasis, as in contrasts: οἱ μέν φᾱσι βασιλέᾱ κ…
§1727MIDDLE VOICEThe reciprocal relation may also be expressed (1) by the use of the reflexive pronoun (cp. 1724) with the active: φθονοῦσιν ἑαυτοῖς they are mutually envious X. M. 3.5.16; (2) by t…
of ἄν
§1765THE PARTICLE ἄνRepetition of ἄν.—ἄν may be repeated once or twice in the same sentence. a. ἄν is placed early in a sentence which contains a subordinate clause, in order to direct attention to th…
of infinitive
§1615EXTERNAL OBJECT AND PREDICATE ACCUSATIVEEspecially in Plato and Herodotus, after verbs signifying to name, to call, the predicate noun may be connected with the external object by (a redundant) εἶναι (911); σοφιστὴν ὀνομ…
§2011 a, N.D. Infinitive of Purpose and ResultInfinitive of Result.—The infinitive may be used with ὥστε (sometimes with ὡς) to denote a result, often an intended result. See 2260 ff. a. Several verbs, substantives, and adject…
in ἑκὼν εἶναι, etc.
§2012 cE. Absolute InfinitiveCertain idiomatic infinitives are used absolutely in parenthetical phrases to limit the application of a single expression or of the entire sentence. a. Verbs of Saying.—ὡς ἔπος εἰ…
with participle and verb
§2147 bREMARKS ON SOME USES OF PARTICIPLESThe abundance of its participles is one of the characteristic features of Greek. Their use gives brevity to the sentence (cp. 2050), enabling the writer to set forth in a word modi…
of verb of saying
§2634REMARKS ON THE CONSTRUCTIONS OF INDIRECT DISCOURSELong sentences (and even some short complex sentences), or a series of sentences, in indirect discourse depending on a single verb of saying or thinking, are uncongenial to the ani…
redundant negative
§§2739–2749I. With the Infinitive depending on Verbs of Negative MeaningVerbs and expressions of negative meaning, such as deny, refuse, hinder, forbid, avoid, often take the infinitive with a redundant μή to confirm the negative idea of the leading ve…
§2753REDUNDANT οὐ WITH πλήν, ETC.Redundant οὐ appears after the negative words πλήν, χωρίς, ἐκτός, ἄνευ except, without, and after πρίν (and μᾶλλον ἤ usually) preceded by a negative, which may be involved in a que…
οὐ μή
§§2754–2758οὐ μήοὐ μή, and the compounds of each, are used in emphatic negative predictions and prohibitions. a. οὐ μή marks strong personal interest on the part of the speaker. In its original us…
in expressions connected by ἀλλά
§2757 aοὐ μήThere are two cases in which οὐ μή is not used in conjunction, but where each negative has its own verb. a. A positive command in the future indicative (second person) may be joine…
in ὥστε clause
§2759NEGATIVES WITH ὥστε AND THE INFINITIVEὥστε with the infinitive shows the following uses of the negatives. a. μή in ordinary result clauses including such as express an intended result; as πᾶν ποιοῦσιν ὥστε δίκην μὴ διδ…
in accumulated negatives
§§2760–2762ACCUMULATION OF NEGATIVESIf in the same clause a simple negative (οὐ or μή) with a verb follows a negative, each of the two negatives keeps its own force if they belong to different words or expressions. I…
defined and illustrated
§3042SOME GRAMMATICAL AND RHETORICAL FIGURESPleonasm (πλεονασμός excess), or redundancy, is the admission of a word or words which are not necessary to the complete logical expression of the thought. Such words, though logic…