Topic · from the English index · as printed
Potential optative
with ἄν
§§1824–1834OPTATIVE WITH ἄνPotential Optative.—The potential optative with ἄν states a future possibility, propriety, or likelihood, as an opinion of the speaker; and may be translated by may, might, can (es…
§2349MODIFICATIONS OF THE PROTASISOmission of the Protasis.—The potential optative, and the indicative, with ἄν stand in independent sentences; in many cases a protasis may be supplied either from the context or ge…
in causal clause
§2243CAUSAL CLAUSESCause may be expressed also by the unreal indicative with ἄν or the potential optative with ἄν. ἐπεὶ διά γ᾽ ῡ̔μᾶς αὐτοὺς πάλαι ἂν ἀπολώλειτε since you would long ago have perished …
in apodosis of simple present or past conditions
§2300 eFirst Form of Conditions: SIMPLE PRESENT AND PAST CONDITIONSThe apodosis may be the simple indicative or any other form of the simple sentence appropriate to the thought. a. Simple Indicative: εἰ τοῦτ᾽ ἔχει καλῶς, ἐκεῖνο αἰσχρῶς if this is …
§2356LESS USUAL COMBINATIONS OF COMPLETE PROTASIS AND APODOSISThe optative with ἄν (the potential optative) may be used as the apodosis of εἰ with the indicative in Simple Present and Past conditions (2300 e), εἰ with the past indicative in U…
in apodosis of unreal conditions
§2312Second Form of Conditions: PRESENT AND PAST UNREAL CONDITIONSUnreal conditions with ἄν and the optative in apodosis (cp. 2311) in Attic are rare and some are suspected. Either the common reading is at fault (X. M. 3.5.8), or we have a simple…
§2356LESS USUAL COMBINATIONS OF COMPLETE PROTASIS AND APODOSISThe optative with ἄν (the potential optative) may be used as the apodosis of εἰ with the indicative in Simple Present and Past conditions (2300 e), εἰ with the past indicative in U…
in apodosis of more vivid future conditions
§2326 dThird Form of Conditions: MORE VIVID FUTURE CONDITIONSThe apodosis of the more vivid future condition is the future indicative or any other form of the simple sentence that refers to future time. a. Future Indicative: ἐᾱ̀ν ζητῇς καλῶς…
§2356LESS USUAL COMBINATIONS OF COMPLETE PROTASIS AND APODOSISThe optative with ἄν (the potential optative) may be used as the apodosis of εἰ with the indicative in Simple Present and Past conditions (2300 e), εἰ with the past indicative in U…
in apodosis of emotional future conditions
§2328Third Form of Conditions: MORE VIVID FUTURE CONDITIONSEmotional Future Conditions.—When the protasis expresses strong feeling, the future indicative with εἰ is commonly used instead of ἐᾱ́ν with the subjunctive, and may often be rende…
§2356LESS USUAL COMBINATIONS OF COMPLETE PROTASIS AND APODOSISThe optative with ἄν (the potential optative) may be used as the apodosis of εἰ with the indicative in Simple Present and Past conditions (2300 e), εἰ with the past indicative in U…
in apodosis of less vivid future conditions
§§2329–2334Fourth Form of Conditions: LESS VIVID FUTURE CONDITIONSLess vivid future conditions (should . . . would conditions) have in the protasis εἰ with the optative, in the apodosis ἄν with the optative. εἰ ταῦτα ποιοίης, καλῶς ἂν ποιοίης or …
§2356LESS USUAL COMBINATIONS OF COMPLETE PROTASIS AND APODOSISThe optative with ἄν (the potential optative) may be used as the apodosis of εἰ with the indicative in Simple Present and Past conditions (2300 e), εἰ with the past indicative in U…
in protasis and apodosis combined
§2353PROTASIS AND APODOSIS COMBINEDεἰ and ἄν both in Protasis.—The potential optative with ἄν or the unreal indicative with ἄν, standing as the apodosis in the conditional clause with εἰ, is the apodosis of another …
§2356LESS USUAL COMBINATIONS OF COMPLETE PROTASIS AND APODOSISThe optative with ἄν (the potential optative) may be used as the apodosis of εἰ with the indicative in Simple Present and Past conditions (2300 e), εἰ with the past indicative in U…
in principal clause to future temporal clause with subjunctive
§2403FUTURE TEMPORAL CLAUSES WITH THE SUBJUNCTIVEThe principal clause may be a potential optative, which is at times nearly equivalent to the future: ἐγὼ δὲ ταύτην μὲν τὴν εἰρήνην, ἕως ἂν εἷς Ἀθηναίων λείπηται, οὐδέποτ᾽ ἂν συμβου…
in future temporal clause with optative
§2406FUTURE TEMPORAL CLAUSES WITH THE OPTATIVEThe potential optative or indicative (with ἄν) having its proper force may appear in temporal clauses (cp. 2353). φυλάξᾱς . . . τὸν χειμῶν᾽ ἐπιχειρεῖ, ἡνίκ᾽ ἂν ἡμεῖς μὴ δυναίμεθ᾽ ἐ…
in ἕως clause
§2421TEMPORAL CLAUSES DENOTING PURPOSEἕως ἄν with the optative occurs rarely where it might be thought that the simple optative or ἄν with the subjunctive should be used. Many editors emend, but ἄν may generally be def…
in consecutive relative clause
§2556CLASSES OF RELATIVE CLAUSESRelative Clauses of Result (Consecutive Relative Clauses) usually take the indicative (for οἷος, ὅσος with the infinitive see 2497). The negative is οὐ when the relative clause app…
in conditional relative sentence
§2571LESS USUAL FORMS OF CONDITIONAL RELATIVE SENTENCESThe potential optative with ἄν in the main clause with the indicative (2562) or subjunctive (2565) in the relative clause.
§2572LESS USUAL FORMS OF CONDITIONAL RELATIVE SENTENCESIndicative with ἄν or potential optative with ἄν in the relative clause. ὅντιν᾽ ἂν ῡ̔μεῖς εἰς ταύτην τὴν τάξιν κατεστήσατε . . ., οὗτος . . . τῶν ἴσων ἂν αἴτιος ἦν κακῶν ὅσωνπερ κα…
without ἄν
§1821OPTATIVE WITHOUT ἄνPotential Optative.—The potential optative, which in Attic regu larly takes ἄν (1824), is occasionally found in Homer and later poetry in an earlier form, without that particle: ῥε…
§1822OPTATIVE WITHOUT ἄνThe optative after οὐκ ἔστιν ὅστις (ὅπως, ὅποι) in the dramatists is probably potential: οὐκ ἔσθ᾽ ὅπως λέξαιμι τὰ ψευδῆ καλά I could not call false tidings fair A. Ag. 620. ἄν is u…
after οὐκ ἔστιν ὅστις, etc.
§2552THE USE OF THE MOODS IN CERTAIN RELATIVE CLAUSESThe optative without ἄν (probably potential) occurs in Attic poetry after οὐκ ἔστιν ὅστις (ὅπως, ὅποι) and the interrogative τίς ἐστίν ὅς (ὅστις) and ἔσθ᾽ ὅπως. Thus, οὐκ ἔστιν ὅστ…