Topic · from the English index · as printed
Predicate
§902DEFINITIONSEvery complete sentence must contain two members: 1. The Subject: the person or thing about which something is said. 2. The Predicate: what is said about the subject. Thus, τὸ θέρο…
a verb
§909SYNTAX OF THE SIMPLE SENTENCEThe predicate of a sentence is always a verb. The verb may either stand alone, as in Περικλῆς ἀπῆλθε Pericles departed; or it may have certain modifiers, called complements to the …
expansion
§924EXPANSION OF THE SIMPLE SENTENCEExpansion of the Predicate.—The predicate may be expanded: A. By amplification: οἱ λοχᾱγοὶ ἀπῆλθον καὶ ἐποίουν οὕτω the captains departed and did so. B. By qualification: 1. By the…
omission of verb
§§944–948Omission of the VerbEllipsis of the Copula.—The copulative verb εἶναι is often omitted, especially the forms ἐστί and εἰσί. This occurs chiefly a. In general or proverbial statements: κοινὴ ἡ τύχη καὶ…
subject and, concord of
§925AGREEMENT: THE CONCORDSThere are three concords in simple sentences: 1. A finite verb agrees with its subject in number and person (949). 2. A word in apposition with another word agrees with it in case …
§§949–972CONCORD OF SUBJECT AND PREDICATEA finite verb agrees with its subject in number and person. Thus, τοῦτο τὸ ψήφισμα ἐγένετο this bill was passed L. 13.56, ὃ δέδοικ᾽ ἐγὼ μὴ πάθηθ᾽ ῡ̔μεῖς which I fear lest you may s…
Accusative
and external object
§§1613–1618EXTERNAL OBJECT AND PREDICATE ACCUSATIVEVerbs meaning to appoint, call, choose, consider, make, name, show, and the like, may take a second accusative as a predicate to the direct object. στρατηγὸν αὐτὸν ἀπέδειξε he appo…
Adjectives
§910 bSYNTAX OF THE SIMPLE SENTENCEPredicate Nouns.—Nouns (substantival or adjectival) are often used as complements to the predicate. Thus, a. A predicate substantive is a substantive forming part of the predicate …
§1018ADJECTIVESAdjectives modify substantives (including words used substantively, 908), and substantive pronouns. Adjectives are either attributive (912) or predicate (910).
belonging to omitted subject of infinitive
§975CONCORD OF PREDICATE SUBSTANTIVESA predicate substantive or adjective agrees with the subject of the governing verb when the subject of the infinitive is omitted because it is the same as that of the governing ver…
§§1060–1062ATTRACTION OF PREDICATE NOUNS WITH THE INFINITIVE TO THE CASE OF THE OBJECT OF THE GOVERNING VERBWhen the subject of the infinitive is the same as a genitive or dative depending on the governing verb, it is often omitted.
with what verbs used
§1040PREDICATE ADJECTIVESThe predicate adjective is employed a. With intransitive verbs signifying to be, become, and the like (917): ἡ δὲ χάρις ἄδηλος γεγένηται the favour has been concealed Aes. 3.233. S…
with verbs of saying, thinking, perceiving, showing
§1041PREDICATE ADJECTIVESWith verbs of saying and thinking the predicate adjective is usually connected with its noun by εἶναι, with verbs of perceiving, showing, by ὤν (2106): οὐδένα γὰρ οἶμαι δαιμόνων εἶ…
where English uses adverb
§1042PREDICATE ADJECTIVESSeveral adjectives of time, place, order of succession, etc., are used as predicates where English employs an adverb or a preposition with its case: ἀφικνοῦνται τριταῖοι they arriv…
§1043PREDICATE ADJECTIVESSo also with adjectives of degree, mental attitude, manner, etc.: φέρονται οἱ λίθοι πολλοί the stones are thrown in great numbers X. A. 4.7.7, τοὺς νεκροὺς ὑποσπόνδους ἀπέδοσαν the…
agreement
§975CONCORD OF PREDICATE SUBSTANTIVESA predicate substantive or adjective agrees with the subject of the governing verb when the subject of the infinitive is omitted because it is the same as that of the governing ver…
§§1044–1059WITH ONE SUBJECTA circumstantial participle (2054) referring to a collective noun (996) may be plural: τὸ στράτευμα ἐπορίζετο σῖτον κόπτοντες τοὺς βοῦς the army provided itself with provisions by …
position
§§1168–1171Predicate Position of AdjectivesA predicate adjective either precedes or follows the article and its noun: σοφὸς ὁ ἀνήρ or ὁ ἀνὴρ σοφός the man is wise. Thus, ἀτελεῖ τῇ νῑ́κῃ ἀνέστησαν they retired with their vic…
equivalent of clause
§1169Predicate Position of AdjectivesA predicate adjective or substantive may thus be the equivalent of a clause of a complex sentence: ἀθάνατον τὴν περὶ αὑτῶν μνήμην καταλείψουσιν they will leave behind a remembrance…
attracted into vocative
§1286VOCATIVEIn late poetry a predicate adjective may be attracted into the vocative: ὄλβιε κῶρε γένοιο blessed, oh boy, mayest thou be Theocr. 17. 66. Cp. Matutine pater seu Iane libentius aud…
participle as
§2091THE SUPPLEMENTARY PARTICIPLEThe present or perfect participle is often used as a simple predicate adjective, especially with εἰμί and γίγνομαι. The aorist participle is chiefly poetic. ἦσαν ἀπιστοῦντές τινες …
§915SYNTAX OF THE SIMPLE SENTENCEPredicate substantives, adjectives, and participles, in agreement either with subject or object, are more common in Greek than in English, and often call for special shifts in tran…
Nouns
§910SYNTAX OF THE SIMPLE SENTENCEPredicate Nouns.—Nouns (substantival or adjectival) are often used as complements to the predicate. Thus, a. A predicate substantive is a substantive forming part of the predicate …
§911SYNTAX OF THE SIMPLE SENTENCEA predicate substantive or adjective may often be distinguished from an attributive (912) in that the former implies some form of εἶναι be. Thus, πρεσβευτήν and εὐτυχῆ in 910. Afte…
§§913–915SYNTAX OF THE SIMPLE SENTENCEAll adjectives that are not attributive are predicate. So πρῶτοι ἀφῑ́<*>οντο they were the first to arrive (1042 b), τούτῳ φίλῳ χρῶμαι I treat this man <*>s a friend (= οὗτος, ᾧ χρ…
agreement
§918 dSYNTAX OF THE SIMPLE SENTENCEa. The copula is strictly the predicate or is a part of the predicate with its supplements. b. The above verbs may also be complete predicates: ἔστι θεός there is a god. c. For the…
§939CASE OF THE SUBJECT: THE NOMINATIVEThe nominative is the case of the subject of a finite verb and of a predicate noun in agreement with the subject. Πρόξενος παρῆν Proxenus was present X. A. 1.2.3, Κλέαρχος φυγὰς ἦν…
§975CONCORD OF PREDICATE SUBSTANTIVESA predicate substantive or adjective agrees with the subject of the governing verb when the subject of the infinitive is omitted because it is the same as that of the governing ver…
§2525THE ANTECEDENT OF RELATIVE CLAUSESPredicate nouns follow the case of the relative attracted to an antecedent expressed or omitted (2531 b).
and article
§§1150–1152THE ARTICLE AND A PREDICATE NOUNA predicate noun has no article, and is thus distinguished from the subject: καλεῖται ἡ ἀκρόπολις ἔτι ὑπ᾽ Ἀθηναίων πόλις the acropolis is still called ‘city’ by the Athenians T. 2.…
in agreement with dative
§1509INSTRUMENTAL DATIVE PROPERχρῆσθαι use (strictly employ oneself with, get something done with; cp. uti), and sometimes νομίζειν, take the dative. Thus, οὔτε τούτοις (τοῖς νομίμοις) χρῆται οὔθ᾽ οἷς ἡ ἄλλη Ἑλλ…
proleptic
§1579ACCUSATIVE OF RESULTVerbs signifying to effect anything (αἴρειν raise, αὔξειν exalt, διδάσκειν teach, τρέφειν rear, παιδεύειν train) show the result of their action upon a substantive or adjective pre…
with infinitive
§§1972–1981SUBJECT AND PREDICATE NOUN WITH THE INFINITIVEIn general the subject of the infinitive, if expressed at all, stands in the accusative; when the subject of the infinitive is the same as the subject or object of the governing ve…
infinitive as
§1986THE INFINITIVE WITHOUT THE ARTICLE: AS SUBJECT, PREDICATE, AND APPOSITIVEAs Predicate.—In definitions the infinitive may be used as a predicate noun with ἐστί. τὸ γὰρ γνῶναι ἐπιστήμην λαβεῖν ἐστιν for to learn is to get knowledge P. Th. 209e.
Participles
§914SYNTAX OF THE SIMPLE SENTENCEUnder adjectives are included participles: ὁ μέλλων (attrib.) πόλεμος the future war, ταῦτα εἰπὼν (pred.) ἀπῄειν saying this he went off, ὁρῶ σε κρύπτοντα (pred.) I see you hiding.
§915SYNTAX OF THE SIMPLE SENTENCEPredicate substantives, adjectives, and participles, in agreement either with subject or object, are more common in Greek than in English, and often call for special shifts in tran…
agreement
§§1044–1059WITH ONE SUBJECTA circumstantial participle (2054) referring to a collective noun (996) may be plural: τὸ στράτευμα ἐπορίζετο σῖτον κόπτοντες τοὺς βοῦς the army provided itself with provisions by …
belonging to omitted subject of infinitive
§1061ATTRACTION OF PREDICATE NOUNS WITH THE INFINITIVE TO THE CASE OF THE OBJECT OF THE GOVERNING VERBA predicate adjective referring to a genitive regularly stands in the genitive, but a predicate substantive or participle generally stands in the accusative in agreement with the u…
§1062ATTRACTION OF PREDICATE NOUNS WITH THE INFINITIVE TO THE CASE OF THE OBJECT OF THE GOVERNING VERBA predicate substantive, adjective, or participle referring to a dative stands in the dative or in the accusative in agreement with the unexpressed subject of the infinitive: νῦν σ…
Position
of adjectives
§§1168–1171Predicate Position of AdjectivesA predicate adjective either precedes or follows the article and its noun: σοφὸς ὁ ἀνήρ or ὁ ἀνὴρ σοφός the man is wise. Thus, ἀτελεῖ τῇ νῑ́κῃ ἀνέστησαν they retired with their vic…
of possessive genitive of person and relative pronouns and of genitive of divided whole
§1171Predicate Position of AdjectivesThe predicate position is employed with the demonstratives οὗτος, ὅδε, ἐκεῖνος, and ἄμφω, ἀμφότερος, ἑκάτερος, and ἕκαστος; with the possessive genitives of personal and relative p…
§1185 a, bPOSITION OF THE GENITIVE OF PRONOUNS AND THE ARTICLEIn the predicate position stands a. The genitive of the personal pronouns (whether partitive or not): τὸ βιβλίον μου (σου, αὐτοῦ, etc.), or μου σου, αὐτοῦ. etc.) τὸ βιβλίον when ot…
§1196THE POSSESSIVE PRONOUNSThe possessive pronouns (330) of the first and second persons are the equivalents of the possessive genitive of the personal pronouns: ἐμός = μου, σός = σου, ἡμέτερος = ἡμῶν, ῡ̔μέτ…
of words varying in meaning according to position of article
§§1172–1175PECULIARITIES OF POSITION WITH THE ARTICLEAdjectives of Place.—When used in the predicate position (1168) ἄκρος (high) means the top of, μέσος (middle) means the middle of, ἔσχατος (extreme) means the end of. Cp. summus, m…
§§1204–1209THE PRONOUN αὐτόςαὐτός is used as an adjective and as a pronoun. It has three distinct uses: (1) as an intensive adjective pronoun it means self (ipse). (2) As an adjective pronoun, when preceded b…
§328 cPRONOUNSαὐτός is a definite adjective and a pronoun. It has three meanings: a. self: standing by itself in the nominative, αὐτὸς ὁ ἀνήρ or ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτός the man himself, or (without the art…
of possessive pronoun
§1196 aTHE POSSESSIVE PRONOUNSThe possessive pronouns (330) of the first and second persons are the equivalents of the possessive genitive of the personal pronouns: ἐμός = μου, σός = σου, ἡμέτερος = ἡμῶν, ῡ̔μέτ…
Substantives
defined
§910 aSYNTAX OF THE SIMPLE SENTENCEPredicate Nouns.—Nouns (substantival or adjectival) are often used as complements to the predicate. Thus, a. A predicate substantive is a substantive forming part of the predicate …
agreement
§§973–975CONCORD OF PREDICATE SUBSTANTIVESA predicate substantive agrees with its subject in case: Μιλτιάδης ἦν στρατηγός Miltiades was a general.
belonging to omitted subject of infinitive
§975CONCORD OF PREDICATE SUBSTANTIVESA predicate substantive or adjective agrees with the subject of the governing verb when the subject of the infinitive is omitted because it is the same as that of the governing ver…
§1060ATTRACTION OF PREDICATE NOUNS WITH THE INFINITIVE TO THE CASE OF THE OBJECT OF THE GOVERNING VERBWhen the subject of the infinitive is the same as a genitive or dative depending on the governing verb, it is often omitted.
§1062ATTRACTION OF PREDICATE NOUNS WITH THE INFINITIVE TO THE CASE OF THE OBJECT OF THE GOVERNING VERBA predicate substantive, adjective, or participle referring to a dative stands in the dative or in the accusative in agreement with the unexpressed subject of the infinitive: νῦν σ…
equivalent of clause
§1169Predicate Position of AdjectivesA predicate adjective or substantive may thus be the equivalent of a clause of a complex sentence: ἀθάνατον τὴν περὶ αὑτῶν μνήμην καταλείψουσιν they will leave behind a remembrance…