Topic · from the English index · as printed
The result or effect of an action is expressed by the primary suffixes
1. ες (nom. -ος, neut.): γέν-ος race, family, stem γεν-εσ- (γί-γν-ομαι am born, ἐ-γεν-όμην, γεν-), τέκ-ος child, stem τεκ-εσ- (τίκτω bring forth, τεκ-), ψεῦδ-ος lie, stem ψευδ-εσ- (ψεύδ-ω deceive).
2. ματ (nom. -μα, neut.): γράμ-μα thing written (γράφ-ω write), νόη-μα thought (νοέω think), ποίη-μα poem (ποιέ-ω make), δέρ-μα hide (δέρ-ω flay), τμῆ-μα section (τέμ-νω cut, τεμ-, τμη-, 128 a).
The direct object is of two kinds:
a. The internal object (object effected): ὁ ἀνὴρ τύπτει πολλᾱ̀ς πληγᾱ́ς the man strikes many blows.
N. 1.—Here the object is already contained (or implied) in the verb, and its addition is optional. The accusative of the internal object is sometimes called the accusative of content. The object stands in apposition to the result of the verbal action. The effect produced by the verb is either (1) transient, when the object is a nomen actionis, and disappears with the operation of the verb, as in μάχην μάχεσθαι to fight a battle, or (2) permanent, and remains after the verbal action has ceased, as in τεῖχος τειχίζειν to build a wall. The latter form is the accusative of result (1578).
N. 2.—Almost any verb may take one of the varieties of the internal object.
b. The external object (object affected): ὁ ἀνὴρ τύπτει τὸν παῖδα the man strikes the boy.
N.—Here the object is not contained in the verb, but is necessary to explain or define the character of the action in question. The external object stands outside the verbal action.
The accusative of result denotes the effect enduring after the verbal action has ceased.
ἕλκος οὐτάσαι to smite (and thus make) a wound E 361 (so οὐλὴν ἐλαύνειν ψ 74), πρεσβεύειν τὴν εἰρήνην to negotiate the peace (go as ambassadors (πρέσβεις) to make the peace) 19.134, but πρεσβεύειν πρεσβείᾱν to go on an embassy Dinarchus 1. 16, νόμισμα κόπτειν
to coin money 3.56, σπονδᾱ̀ς, or ὅρκια, τέμνειν (1555).
Verbs signifying to effect anything (αἴρειν raise, αὔξειν exalt, διδάσκειν teach, τρέφειν rear, παιδεύειν train) show the result of their action upon a substantive or adjective predicate to the direct object: σὲ Θῆβαί γ᾽ οὐκ ἐπαίδευσαν κακόν
Thebes did not train thee to be base O. C. 919, τοῦτον τρέφειν τε καὶ αὔξειν μέγαν
to nurse and exalt him into greatness R. 565c, ἐποικοδομήσαντες αὐτὸ ὑψηλότερον
raising it higher 7.4. Such predicate nouns are called proleptic. Passive: μέγας ἐκ μῑκροῦ Φίλιππος ηὔξηται
Philip has grown from a mean to be a mighty person 9.21. Cp. 1613.
Infinitive of Result.—The infinitive may be used with ὥστε (sometimes with ὡς) to denote a result, often an intended result. See 2260 ff.
a. Several verbs, substantives, and adjectives usually taking the infinitive also admit ὥστε with the infinitive (2271); and the infinitive is found where ὥστε with the infinitive might be expected: μνημονεύουσιν ἀφεθέντα τοῦτον ἐλεύθερον εἶναι they recall that he was emancipated (lit. released so as to be free) 29.25. Here the redundant infinitive expresses an intended result.
N.—This redundant use of εἶναι is common in Hom. and Hdt.