Sentence

Adverbs are of two kinds

a. Ordinary adverbs, denoting manner, degree, time, place, etc. Ordinary adverbs qualify verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, and (rarely) substantives: ὄπισθεν γενόμενος getting behind X. A. 1.8.24, εὐθὺς ἐβόᾱ straightway he shouted 1. 8. 1, φανερὸν ἤδη already clear L. 4.6, πολὺ θᾶττον much more quickly X. A. 1.5.2, εὖ μάλα very easily 6. 1. 1, εἰκότως τρόπον τινά in a way reasonably D. 8.41, μάλα συμφορᾱ́ a great misfortune X. C. 4.2.5, μάλα στρατηγός an excellent general X. H. 6.2.39.

b. Sentence adverbs (or particles) are adverbs that affect the sentence as a whole or give emphasis to particular words of any kind. Greek has many sentence adverbs, some of which are treated more fully under Particles.

Such are words of interrogation (ἦ, ἆρα, μῶν); of affirmation and confidence (δή now, indeed, δῆτα surely, γέ at least, even, ἦ really, μήν in truth, νή surely, τοί surely); of uncertainty (ἴσως, πού, τάχα perhaps); of negation (οὐ, μή, οὔτοι, μήτοι, etc.); of limitation (ἄν 1761 ff.).

Under the head of particles are included sentence adverbs (1094) and conjunctions. Many sentence adverbs remained such, some sank to mere enclitics, others became pure conjunctions, while still others fluctuated in function, being now adverbial, now conjunctional, as καί even and and, οὐδέ not even and nor, γάρ in fact and for, πρίν sooner and until or before.

Yes and No Questions (or sentence-questions) are asked by the verb (whether a given thing is or is done). Such questions are commonly introduced by an interrogative particle. Pronoun-questions (or word-questions) are asked by an interrogative pronoun, adjective, or adverb (who, what, where, when, how).

a. A sentence-question may follow a word-question; as τί δοκοῦσιν ῡ̔μῖν, ὦ ἄνδρες; ἆρά γε ὁμοίως ῡ̔μῖν περὶ τῶν ἀδικούντων γιγνώσκειν κτλ.; what do you think of your ancestors, gentlemen of the jury? Do they seem to entertain the same sentiments with yourselves about wrong-doers? Lyc. 119.

A sentence expresses a thought. Syntax (σύνταξις arranging together) shows how the different parts of speech and their different inflectional forms are employed to form sentences.

Complete sentences are simple, compound, or complex. In the simple sentence subject and predicate occur only once. A compound sentence (2162) consists of two or more simple sentences coördinated: τῇ δ᾽ ὑστεραίᾳ ἐπορεύοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου, καὶ Τισσαφέρνης εἵπετο but on the next day they marched through the plain and Tissaphernes kept following them X. A. 3.4.18. A complex sentence (2173) consists of a main sentence and one or more subordinate sentences: ὁπότε δέοι γέφῡραν διαβαίνειν, ἔσπευδεν ἕκαστος whenever it was necessary to cross a bridge, every one made haste 3. 4. 20.