Wondering

With verbs of emotion the genitive denotes the cause. Such verbs are to wonder at, admire, envy, praise, blame. hate, pity, grieve for, be angry at, take vengeance on, and the like.

ἐθαύμασα τῆς τόλμης τῶν λεγόντων I wondered at the hardihood of the speakers L. 12.41, τοῦτον ἀγασθεὶς τῆς πρᾳότητος admiring him for his mildness X. C. 2.3.21, ζηλῶ σε τοῦ νοῦ, τῆς δὲ δειλίᾱς στυγῶ I envy thee for thy prudence, I hate thee for thy cowardice S. El. 1027, σὲ ηὐδαιμόνισα τοῦ τρόπου I thought you happy because of your disposition P. Cr. 43b, συγχαίρω τῶν γεγενημένων I share the joy at what has happened D. 15.15, ἀνέχεσθαι τῶν οἰκείων ἀμελουμένων to put up with the neglect of my household affairs P. A. 31b, τὸν ξένον δίκαιον αἰνέσαι προθῡμίᾱς it is right to praise the stranger for his zeal E. I. A. 1371, οὔποτ᾽ ἀνδρὶ τῷδε κηρῡκευμάτων μέμψῃ never wilt thou blame me for my tidings A. Sept. 651, τοῦ πάθους ᾤκτῑρεν αὐτόν he pitied him for his misery X. C. 5.4.32, οὐδ᾽ εἰκὸς χαλεπῶς φέρειν αὐτών nor is it reasonable to grieve about them T. 2.62, οὐκέτι ὧν οὗτοι κλέπτουσιν ὀργίζεσθε, ἀλλ᾽ ὧν αὐτοὶ λαμβάνετε χάριν ἴστε you are no longer angry at their thefts, but you are grateful for what you get yourselves L. 27.11, τῑμωρήσασθαι αὐτοὺς τῆς ἐπιθέσεως to take revenge on them for their attack X. A. 7.4.23. Here belongs, by analogy, συγγιγνώσκειν αὐτοῖς χρὴ τῆς ἐπιθῡμίᾱς it is necessary to forgive them for their desire P. Eu. 306c (usually συγγιγνώσκειν τὴν ἐπιθῡμίᾱν τινί or τῇ ἐπιθῡμίᾳ τινός).

a. The genitive of cause is partly a true genitive, partly ablatival.

Many verbs of emotion state the cause more delicately with εἰ (ἐᾱ́ν) if as a mere supposition than by ὅτι. The negative is μή or οὐ.

a. So with ἀγανακτῶ am indignant, ἄγαμαι am content, αἰσχρόν ἐστι it is a shame, αἰσχῡ́νομαι am ashamed, ἄχθομαι take hard, δεινόν ἐστι it is a shame, δεινὸν ποιοῦμαι am indignant, θαυμάζω am astonished, μέμφομαι blame, φθονῶ am jealous, etc. The if clause is usually indicative, sometimes an unreal indicative, a subjunctive, or a potential optative. Thus, θαυμάζω εἰ μὴ βοηθήσετε ῡ̔μῖν αὐτοῖς I am surprised if you will not help yourselves X. H. 2.3.53, ἀγανακτῶ εἰ οὑτωσῑ̀ ἃ νοῶ μὴ οἷός τ᾽ εἰμι εἰπεῖν I am grieved that I am thus unable to say what I mean P. Lach. 194a, δεινὸν ποιούμενοι εἰ τοὺς ἐπιβουλεύοντας σφῶν τῷ πλήθει μὴ εἴσονται indignant that they could not discover those who were plotting against their commons T. 6.60, ἄτοπον ἂν εἴη, εἰ μηδὲν μὲν ἐμοῦ λέγοντος αὐτοὶ βοᾶτε τὴν ἐπωνυμίᾱν τῶν ἔργων . . . , ἐμοῦ δὲ λέγοντος ἐπιλέλησθε, καὶ μὴ γενομένης μὲν κρίσεως περὶ τοῦ πρᾱ́γματος ἥλω ἄν, γεγονότος δὲ ἐλέγχου ἀποφεύξεται it would be absurd if, when I say nothing, you shout out the name of what he has done, but when I do speak, you forget it; and absurd if, while he should have been condemned when no investigation was instituted concerning the matter, he should yet get off now when the proof has been given Aes. 1.85 (cp. 2904 b), μὴ θαυμάζετε δ᾽ ᾱ̓́ν τι φαίνωμαι λέγων do not be surprised if I seem to say something I. Ep. 6. 7, τέρας λέγεις, εἰ . . . οὐκ ἂν δύναιντο λαθεῖν it is a marvel you are telling if they could be undetected P. Men. 91d.

b. After a past tense we have either the form of direct discourse or the optative, as in indirect discourse. Thus, ἐθαύμαζον εἴ τι ἕξει τις χρήσασθαι τῷ λόγῳ αὐτοῦ I kept wondering if any one could deal with his theory P. Ph. 95a, ἐπεῖπεν . . . ὡς δεινὸν εἴη εἰ ὁ μὲν . . . Ξανθίᾱς ὑποκρῑνόμενος οὕτως . . . μεγαλόψῡχος γένοιτο he added that it was a shame if a man who played the rôle of Xanthias should prove himself so noble minded Aes. 2.157, ᾤκτῑρον εἰ ἁλώσοιντο they pitied them in case they should be captured X. A. 1.4.7 (cp. 2622 a). Sometimes the construction used after a primary tense is retained after a secondary tense (X. C. 4.3.3).

The conjunctions ὅτι or ὡς that introduce dependent statements in the indicative and optative

After verbs of saying, knowing, perceiving, showing, etc.

After verbs of emotion (rejoicing, grieving, wondering), etc.

Or such dependent statements contain an explanation of the main clause or of a word in that clause, no special verb introducing the conjunction.

τοῦτο ἄξιον ἐπαινεῖν τῶν ἀνδρῶν τῶν τότε ναυμαχησάντων, ὅτι τὸν . . . φόβον διέλῡσαν τῶν Ἑλλήνων it is right to praise this in the men who engaged in the sea-fight of those days, (namely) that they dispelled the fear felt by the Greeks P. Menex. 241b.

Verbs of emotion (to rejoice, grieve, be angry, wonder, etc.) take ὅτι (ὡς) with a finite verb (negative οὐ), but more commonly the participle (2100) when the subject is not changed.

a. Hom. prefers ὅτι, ὡς to the participle or infinitive.

b. The accusative and infinitive with verbs of emotion are rare; as with θαυμάζω E. Alc. 1130. (θαυμάζω may be followed by a dependent question: D. 37.44).

c. On verbs of emotion with εἰ instead of ὅτι, ὡς (negative, generally μή), see 2247. On the use in dependent exclamations, see 2687.

Verbs of emotion (to rejoice, grieve, be angry, wonder, etc.) take ὅτι (ὡς) with a finite verb (negative οὐ), but more commonly the participle (2100) when the subject is not changed.

a. Hom. prefers ὅτι, ὡς to the participle or infinitive.

b. The accusative and infinitive with verbs of emotion are rare; as with θαυμάζω E. Alc. 1130. (θαυμάζω may be followed by a dependent question: D. 37.44).

c. On verbs of emotion with εἰ instead of ὅτι, ὡς (negative, generally μή), see 2247. On the use in dependent exclamations, see 2687.