Topic · from the English index · as printed
Adjectives
See also Verbal, Predicate, Compound, Compound
general rules for accent
§§205–209GENERAL RULES FOR THE ACCENT OF NOUNSSubstantives and adjectives accent, in the oblique cases, the same syllable as is accented in the nominative, provided the ultima permits (163); otherwise the following syllable re…
used substantively
§232 bSECOND DECLENSION (STEMS IN ο)Feminines.—a. See 197 for νυός daughter-in-law; see 199 for νῆσος island (cp. 200 c), Δῆλος (the island of) Delos, Κόρινθος Corinth, φηγός (acornbearing) oak, ἄμπελος vine. b. Some…
§§1021–1029ADJECTIVES USED SUBSTANTIVELYAn attributive adjective (or participle) generally with the article, often dispenses with its substantive, and thus itself acquires the value of a substantive. a. This occurs when …
§1130FLUCTUATION IN THE USE OF THE ARTICLE: OMISSION OF THE ARTICLEAdjectives and participles used substantively have no article when the reference is general: μέσον ἡμέρᾱς midday X. A. 1.8.8, ψῡχρόν cold, θερμόν heat P. S. 186d, πέμψαι προκαταληψ…
declension
§§286–299ADJECTIVES OF THE FIRST AND SECOND DECLENSIONSAdjectives of Three Endings.—Most adjectives of the vowel declension have three endings: -ος, -η (or -ᾱ), -ον. The masculine and neuter are declined according to the second declens…
declined like participles
§305 bDECLENSION OF PARTICIPLESParticiples in -ων, -ουσα, -ον (ω-verbs): λῡ́ων loosing (stem λῡοντ-), ὤν being (stem ὀντ-). SINGULAR Masc. Fem. Neut. Masc. Fem. Neut. N. V. λῡ́ων λῡ́ουσα λῦον ὤν οὖσα ὄν Gen. λῡ́…
of irregular declension
§311ADJECTIVES OF IRREGULAR DECLENSIONThe irregular adjectives μέγας great (stems μεγα- and μεγαλο-) and πολύς much (stems πολυ- and πολλο-) are thus declined: SINGULAR Nom. μέγας μεγάλη μέγα πολύς πολλή πολύ Gen. μεγά…
of one ending
§312ADJECTIVES OF ONE ENDINGAdjectives of one ending have the same termination for masculine and feminine. The neuter (like masc. and fem.) sometimes occurs in oblique cases. Examples: ἀγνώς ἀγνῶτ-ος unknown …
comparison
§§313–324COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVESComparison by -τερος, -τατος.—The usual endings are: For the comparative: -τερος m. -τερᾱ f. -τερον n. For the superlative: -τατος m. -τατη f. -τατον n. The endings are added to th…
§§1063–1093POSITIVEThe positive, used to imply that something is not suited or inadequate for the purpose in question, is especially common before an infinitive with or without ὥστε (ὡς): (τὸ ὕδωρ) ψ…
αὐτός
§328PRONOUNSαὐτός is a definite adjective and a pronoun. It has three meanings: a. self: standing by itself in the nominative, αὐτὸς ὁ ἀνήρ or ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτός the man himself, or (without the art…
pronominal
§337PRONOUNSOther indefinite pronominal adjectives are: ἕτερος, -ᾱ, -ον: with article, the other, one of two, the one (Lat. alter, alteruter); without article, other, another, a second (alius)…
§340PRONOUNSCorrelative Pronouns.—Many pronominal adjectives correspond to each other in form and meaning. In the following list poetic or rare forms are placed in (). Interrogative: Relative …
numeral
§347NUMERALSThe numeral adjectives and corresponding adverbs are as follows: SIGN CARDINAL ORDINAL ADVERB 1 αʹ εἷς, μία, ἕν one πρῶτος first ἅπαξ once 2 βʹ δύο two δεύτερος second δίς twice 3 …
verbal, see Verbal adjective
formation
§857FORMATION OF ADJECTIVESAdjectives are formed by the same suffixes as are used in substantives, the same formation producing in one case a substantive, in another an adjective. Many words formed with cert…
§858FORMATION OF ADJECTIVESThe following are the chief adjectival suffixes: 1. ο, ᾱ (nom. -ο-ς, -η or -ᾱ, -ο-ν): primary: λοιπ-ό-ς remaining (λείπ-ω leave, λιπ-, λειπ-, λοιπ-), λευκ-ό-ς bright (λεύσσω shine,…
compound
§§886–890LAST PART OF A COMPOUNDCompound Substantives and Adjectives.—The last part of a noun-compound consists of a noun-stem or of a verb-stem with a noun-suffix.
§§893–899ACCENT OF COMPOUNDSCompounds generally have recessive accent, as φιλό-τῑμος loving-<*> (τῑμή). But there are many exceptions, e.g.— a. P<*>tives in -ᾱ́, -ή, -ής, -εύς, -μός, and -έος usually keep the…
predicate, see Predicate adjective
attributive
§§912–914SYNTAX OF THE SIMPLE SENTENCEAttributive Adjective.—An attributive adjective is an adjective simply added to a noun to describe it, and not forming any part of an assertion made about it: ὁ δίκαιος ἀνήρ the ju…
§1019ADJECTIVESThe equivalents of an adjective are: a participle (οἱ παρόντες πολῖται the citizens who are present); a noun in apposition (Δημοσθένης ὁ ῥήτωρ Demosthenes the orator, i.e. not Δημο…
agreement
§925AGREEMENT: THE CONCORDSThere are three concords in simple sentences: 1. A finite verb agrees with its subject in number and person (949). 2. A word in apposition with another word agrees with it in case …
§1020ADJECTIVESConcord.—An adjective agrees with its substantive in gender, number, and case. This holds true also of the article, adjective pronouns, and participles: thus, A. Attributive: ὁ δίκ…
§§1030–1039AGREEMENT OF ATTRIBUTIVE ADJECTIVESAn attributive adjective belonging to more than one substantive agrees with the nearest: τὸν καλὸν κᾱ̓γαθὸν ἄνδρα καὶ γυναῖκα εὐδαίμονα εἶναί φημι the perfect man and woman are hap…
§§1044–1062WITH ONE SUBJECTA circumstantial participle (2054) referring to a collective noun (996) may be plural: τὸ στράτευμα ἐπορίζετο σῖτον κόπτοντες τοὺς βοῦς the army provided itself with provisions by …
function
§1018ADJECTIVESAdjectives modify substantives (including words used substantively, 908), and substantive pronouns. Adjectives are either attributive (912) or predicate (910).
as predicates, for English adverb or preposition
§1042PREDICATE ADJECTIVESSeveral adjectives of time, place, order of succession, etc., are used as predicates where English employs an adverb or a preposition with its case: ἀφικνοῦνται τριταῖοι they arriv…
§1043PREDICATE ADJECTIVESSo also with adjectives of degree, mental attitude, manner, etc.: φέρονται οἱ λίθοι πολλοί the stones are thrown in great numbers X. A. 4.7.7, τοὺς νεκροὺς ὑποσπόνδους ἀπέδοσαν the…
predicate position
§§1168–1171Predicate Position of AdjectivesA predicate adjective either precedes or follows the article and its noun: σοφὸς ὁ ἀνήρ or ὁ ἀνὴρ σοφός the man is wise. Thus, ἀτελεῖ τῇ νῑ́κῃ ἀνέστησαν they retired with their vic…
of place, with article
§1172PECULIARITIES OF POSITION WITH THE ARTICLEAdjectives of Place.—When used in the predicate position (1168) ἄκρος (high) means the top of, μέσος (middle) means the middle of, ἔσχατος (extreme) means the end of. Cp. summus, m…
genitive with
§§1412–1436GENITIVE WITH ADJECTIVESThe genitive is used with many adjectives corresponding in derivation or meaning to verbs taking the genitive.
§1529WITH ADJECTIVES, ETC.Many adjectives and adverbs, and some substantives, take the instrumental dative by the same construction as the corresponding verbs. σύμμαχος αὐτοῖς their ally D. 9.58, χώρᾱ ὅμορο…
dative with
§§1499–1502DATIVE WITH ADJECTIVES, ETC.Adjectives, adverbs, and substantives, of kindred meaning with the foregoing verbs, take the dative to define their meaning. βασιλεῖ φίλοι friendly to the king X. A. 2.1.20, εὔνους…
§1529WITH ADJECTIVES, ETC.Many adjectives and adverbs, and some substantives, take the instrumental dative by the same construction as the corresponding verbs. σύμμαχος αὐτοῖς their ally D. 9.58, χώρᾱ ὅμορο…
§2033THE INFINITIVE WITH THE ARTICLE (ARTICULAR INFINITIVE)DATIVE OF THE ARTICULAR INFINITIVE a. With verbs, adjectives, and adverbs: thus, ἵνα . . . ἀπιστῶσι τῷ ἐμὲ τετῑμῆσθαι ὑπὸ δαιμόνων that they may distrust my having been honoured by…
cognate accusative with
§1565COGNATE ACCUSATIVEThe cognate accusative occurs even with adjectives of an intransitive character: μήτε τι σοφὸς ὢν τὴν ἐκείνων σοφίᾱν μήτε ἀμαθὴς τὴν ἀμαθίᾱν being neither at all wise after the fas…
as cognate accusative
§1572COGNATE ACCUSATIVEThe substantive may be omitted, leaving only the adjectival attribute: παῖσον διπλῆν (scil. πληγήν) strike twice (a double blow) S. El. 1415, τοῦτον ἀνέκραγον ὡς ὀλίγᾱς (scil. πληγ…
§1573COGNATE ACCUSATIVEUsually an adjective, pronoun, or pronominal adjective is treated as a neuter substantive. Cp. μεγάλ᾽ ἁμαρτάνειν to commit grave errors D. 5.5 with μέγιστα ἁμαρτήματα ἁμαρτάνουσι P…
followed by accusative of respect
§§1600–1605ACCUSATIVE OF RESPECTTo verbs denoting a state, and to adjectives, an accusative may be added to denote a thing in respect to which the verb or adjective is limited. a. The accusative usually expresses…
with infinitive
§§2001–2007C. Infinitive after Adjectives, Adverbs, and SubstantivesThe infinitive serves to define the meaning of adjectives, adverbs, and substantives, especially those denoting ability, fitness, capacity, etc. (and their opposites), and generall…
with accusative of articular infinitive
§2034 d, eTHE INFINITIVE WITH THE ARTICLE (ARTICULAR INFINITIVE)ACCUSATIVE OF THE ARTICULAR INFINITIVE a. Object (cp. 1989): δείσᾱς τὸ ζῆν fearing to live P. A. 28d, μεῖζον μέν φαμεν κακὸν τὸ ἀδικεῖν, ἔλᾱττον δὲ τὸ ἀδικεῖσθαι we call doing wron…
with ὥστε and infinitive
§2271 cὥστε (RARELY ὡς) WITH THE INFINITIVEὥστε is often used with the infinitive when the infinitive without ὥστε is regular or more common. a. So with many verbs, especially of will or desire. Thus, ἔπεισαν τοὺς Ἀθηναίους…
used substantively, οὐ and μή with
§2735οὐ AND μή WITH SUBSTANTIVES AND ADJECTIVES USED SUBSTANTIVELYοὐ and μή are used with substantives and substantivized adjectives with the same difference as with participles. Here the generic μή is much more common than οὐ. ἡ τῶν γεφῡρῶν . . …