Topic · from the English index · as printed
Adverbs
proclitic
§179PROCLITICSTen monosyllabic words have no accent and are closely connected with the following word. They are called proclitics (from προκλῑ́νω lean forward). They are: The forms of the articl…
§180PROCLITICSA proclitic sometimes takes an accent, thus: a. οὐ at the end of a sentence: φῄς, ἢ οὔ; do you say so or not? πῶς γὰρ οὔ; for why not? Also οὔ no standing alone. b. ἐξ, ἐν, and εἰς…
enclitic
§181 bENCLITICSEnclitics (from ἐγκλῑ́νω lean on, upon) are words attaching themselves closely to the preceding word, after which they are pronounced rapidly. Enclitics usually lose their accent. …
comparatives and superlatives derived from
§320COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVESDefectives.—Some comparatives and superlatives are derived from prepositions or adverbs: (πρό before) πρότερος former πρῶτος first (ὑπέρ over, beyond) ὑπέρτερος (poetic) higher, ὑπ…
origin
§341ADVERBSOrigin.—Adverbs, like prepositions and conjunctions, were originally case forms, made from the stems of nouns and pronouns. Some of these nominal and pronominal stems have gone out…
of place
§341ADVERBSOrigin.—Adverbs, like prepositions and conjunctions, were originally case forms, made from the stems of nouns and pronouns. Some of these nominal and pronominal stems have gone out…
§342ADVERBSPlace.—To denote place the common endings are:— -ι, -θι, -σι at, in to denote place where (locative). -ου, the sign of the genitive, is also common. -θεν from to denote the place w…
§346ADVERBSCorrelative Adverbs.—Adverbs from pronominal stems often correspond in form and meaning. In the list on p. 102 poetic or rare words are in (). a. The demonstratives in () are forei…
§1535LOCATIVE DATIVEMany adverbs are genuine locatives, as οἴκοι, πάλαι, πανδημεί, Φαληροῖ; Ἀθήνησι, Πλαταιᾶσι; others are datives in form, as κύκλῳ, Πλαταιαῖς.
of manner
§341ADVERBSOrigin.—Adverbs, like prepositions and conjunctions, were originally case forms, made from the stems of nouns and pronouns. Some of these nominal and pronominal stems have gone out…
§343ADVERBSManner.—Adverbs of manner ending in -ως have the accent and form of the genitive plural masculine with -ς in place of -ν. δίκαιος just genitive plural δικαίων δικαίως justly κακός …
§346ADVERBSCorrelative Adverbs.—Adverbs from pronominal stems often correspond in form and meaning. In the list on p. 102 poetic or rare words are in (). a. The demonstratives in () are forei…
from prepositions
§342 cADVERBSPlace.—To denote place the common endings are:— -ι, -θι, -σι at, in to denote place where (locative). -ου, the sign of the genitive, is also common. -θεν from to denote the place w…
endings
§344ADVERBSVarious Other Endings.—Adverbs have many other endings, e.g.:— -α: ἅμα at the same time, μάλα very, τάχα quickly (in Attic prose perhaps). -ακις: πολλάκις many times, often, ἑκαστά…
comparison
§345ADVERBSComparison of Adverbs.—In adverbs derived from adjectives the comparative is the same as the neuter singular of the comparative of the adjective; the superlative is the same as the…
§§1063–1093POSITIVEThe positive, used to imply that something is not suited or inadequate for the purpose in question, is especially common before an infinitive with or without ὥστε (ὡς): (τὸ ὕδωρ) ψ…
correlative
§346ADVERBSCorrelative Adverbs.—Adverbs from pronominal stems often correspond in form and meaning. In the list on p. 102 poetic or rare words are in (). a. The demonstratives in () are forei…
of time
§346ADVERBSCorrelative Adverbs.—Adverbs from pronominal stems often correspond in form and meaning. In the list on p. 102 poetic or rare words are in (). a. The demonstratives in () are forei…
of way
§346ADVERBSCorrelative Adverbs.—Adverbs from pronominal stems often correspond in form and meaning. In the list on p. 102 poetic or rare words are in (). a. The demonstratives in () are forei…
numeral
§347NUMERALSThe numeral adjectives and corresponding adverbs are as follows: SIGN CARDINAL ORDINAL ADVERB 1 αʹ εἷς, μία, ἕν one πρῶτος first ἅπαξ once 2 βʹ δύο two δεύτερος second δίς twice 3 …
of division
§354 gNUMERALSOther classes of numeral words. a. Distributives proper, answering the question how many each? are wanting in Greek. Instead, ἀνά, εἰς, and κατά, with the accus., and compounds of …
in compounds
§870FIRST PART OF A COMPOUNDThe first part of a compound may be a noun-stem, a verbstem, a numeral, a preposition or adverb, or an inseparable prefix. a. The use of stems in composition is a survival of a per…
§884FIRST PART A PREPOSITION OR ADVERBA preposition or adverb is often the first part of a compound: εἴσ-οδος entrance, ἀπο-φεύγω flee from, εὐ-τυχής happy, ἀείμνηστος ever to be remembered. a. Except when the substant…
§896MEANING OF COMPOUNDSDeterminative Compounds.—In most determinative compounds the first part modifies or determines the second part: the modifier stands first, the principal word second. Thus by hand-w…
§897MEANING OF COMPOUNDSThere are two kinds of determinative compounds. (1) Descriptive determinative compounds.—The first part defines or explains the second part in the sense of an adjective or adverb. …
ordinary, and sentence
§1094ADVERBSAdverbs are of two kinds a. Ordinary adverbs, denoting manner, degree, time, place, etc. Ordinary adverbs qualify verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, and (rarely) substantives: ὄπισθ…
§2769PARTICLESUnder the head of particles are included sentence adverbs (1094) and conjunctions. Many sentence adverbs remained such, some sank to mere enclitics, others became pure conjunctions…
equivalent of ordinary
§1095ADVERBSThe equivalents of an ordinary adverb are: an oblique case (ἐβασίλευεν εἴκοσιν ἔτη he reigned for twenty years, 1581, 1582; ἀκούειν σπουδῇ to listen attentively, τῇ ὑστεραίᾳ ἐπορεύ…
in attributive position as adjectives
§1096ADVERBSIn the attributive position an ordinary adverb may serve as an adjective: ἐν τῷ πλησίον παραδείσῳ in the neighbouring park X. A. 2.4.16, ὁ ἐκεῖθεν ἄγγελος the messenger from that q…
§1153 e N.SUBSTANTIVE-MAKING POWER OF THE ARTICLEThe article has the power to make substantival any word or words to which it is prefixed. a. Adjectives: ὁ σοφός the wise man, τὸ δίκαιον justice. b. Participles (with indefinite f…
§1156Attributive Position of the ArticleAdjectives, participles, adverbs, and (generally) prepositions with their cases, if preceded by the article, have attributive position.
taking place of adjectives
§1097ADVERBSa. An ordinary adverb qualifying a verb is often so used that it may be referred to the subject or object of the sentence where an adjective could stand. Thus, ὥστε . . . ὑπολαμβάν…
as nouns
§1153 eSUBSTANTIVE-MAKING POWER OF THE ARTICLEThe article has the power to make substantival any word or words to which it is prefixed. a. Adjectives: ὁ σοφός the wise man, τὸ δίκαιον justice. b. Participles (with indefinite f…
genitive with
§1315GENITIVE OF THE DIVIDED WHOLE (PARTITIVE GENITIVE)(III) With comparatives and superlatives. ἡμῶν ὁ γεραίτερος the elder of us X. C. 5.1.6 (1066 b), οἱ πρεσβύτατοι τῶν στρατηγῶν the oldest of the generals X. A. 3.3.11, σῑ́τῳ πάντων…
§§1437–1443GENITIVE WITH ADVERBSThe genitive is used with adverbs derived from adjectives which take the genitive, and with adverbs akin to verbs followed by the genitive. τὰ τούτου ἑξῆς what comes after this P. …
dative with
§1440GENITIVE WITH ADVERBSMost of the genitives in 1439 are partitive. Some of the adverbs falling under 1437 take also the dative (ἄγχι, ἐγγύς, πλησίον in the poets, ἑξῆς, ἐφεξῆς).
§§1499–1502DATIVE WITH ADJECTIVES, ETC.Adjectives, adverbs, and substantives, of kindred meaning with the foregoing verbs, take the dative to define their meaning. βασιλεῖ φίλοι friendly to the king X. A. 2.1.20, εὔνους…
§1529WITH ADJECTIVES, ETC.Many adjectives and adverbs, and some substantives, take the instrumental dative by the same construction as the corresponding verbs. σύμμαχος αὐτοῖς their ally D. 9.58, χώρᾱ ὅμορο…
§2033THE INFINITIVE WITH THE ARTICLE (ARTICULAR INFINITIVE)DATIVE OF THE ARTICULAR INFINITIVE a. With verbs, adjectives, and adverbs: thus, ἵνα . . . ἀπιστῶσι τῷ ἐμὲ τετῑμῆσθαι ὑπὸ δαιμόνων that they may distrust my having been honoured by…
prepositions developed from
§1638PREPOSITIONSDevelopment of the Use of Prepositions.— a. Originally the preposition was a free adverb limiting the meaning of the verb but not directly connected with it: κατ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ἕζετο down he…
prepositions as
§§1639–1643PREPOSITIONS(I) Prepositions appear as adverbs defining the action of verbs.
point of view with adverbs of place
§1661PREPOSITIONSSo with adverbs: ὅπον ἐληλύθαμεν where ( = whither, ὅποι) we have gone X. C. 6.1.14, ὅθεν ἀπελίπομεν, ἐπανέλθωμεν let us return to the point whence ( = where, ὅπου) we left off P. …
§1662PREPOSITIONSSome adverbs and adverbial phrases meaning from are used with reference to the point of view of the observer: ἑκατέρωθεν on either side, ἔνθεν καὶ ἔνθεν on this side and that, ἐκ δ…
with infinitive
§§2001–2007C. Infinitive after Adjectives, Adverbs, and SubstantivesThe infinitive serves to define the meaning of adjectives, adverbs, and substantives, especially those denoting ability, fitness, capacity, etc. (and their opposites), and generall…
with participle
§§2079–2087ADVERBS USED IN CONNECTION WITH CIRCUMSTANTIAL PARTICIPLESAdverbs are often used to set forth clearly the relations of time, manner, cause, concession, etc., that are implied in the participle. They occur also with the genitive and accusa…
for protasis
§2344MODIFICATIONS OF THE PROTASISSubstitutions for the Protasis.—For the protasis with εἰ there may be substituted a participle, often in the genitive absolute (2067, 2070), an adverb, a prepositional phrase, a re…
relative, antecedent of
§2505THE ANTECEDENT OF RELATIVE CLAUSESDefinite and Indefinite Antecedent.—The antecedent of a relative pronoun or adverb may be definite or indefinite. a. A definite antecedent refers to a definite or particular person…
relative, attraction
§2528THE ANTECEDENT OF RELATIVE CLAUSESAttraction takes place also in the case of relative adverbs; as διεκομίζοντο ὅθεν (for ἐκεῖθεν οἷ) ὑπεξέθεντο παῖδας they conveyed their children from the places where (whither) th…
inverse attraction
§2533 cTHE ANTECEDENT OF RELATIVE CLAUSESInverse Attraction.—An antecedent nominative or (oftener) accusative may be attracted to the case of the relative. The attracted antecedent is often prefixed for emphasis to the re…