Emphatic

§187 aENCLITICSAn enclitic retains its accent (is orthotone, cp. 181 N.): a. When it is emphatic, as in contrasts: ἢ σοὶ ἢ τῷ πατρί σου either to you or to your father (ἐμοῦ, ἐμοί, ἐμέ are emphat…

§325PRONOUNSThe Personal Pronouns.—The pronouns of the first, second, and third person are declined as follows: SINGULAR Nom. ἐγώ I σύ thou — he, she, it (325 d) Gen. ἐμοῦ; μου enclitic σοῦ; σ…

§1190THE PERSONAL PRONOUNSThe nominative of the personal pronoun is usually omitted except when emphatic, e.g. in contrasts, whether expressed or implied: ἐπεὶ ῡ̔μεῖς ἐμοὶ οὐ θέλετε πείθεσθαι, ἐγω σὺν ῡ̔μῖν…

§1192THE PERSONAL PRONOUNSThe forms ἐμοῦ, ἐμοί, and ἐμέ and the accented forms of the pronoun of the second person (325 a) are used when emphatic and usually after prepositions: καὶ πείσᾱς ἐμὲ πιστὰ ἔδωκάς …

§1204THE PRONOUN αὐτόςαὐτός is used as an adjective and as a pronoun. It has three distinct uses: (1) as an intensive adjective pronoun it means self (ipse). (2) As an adjective pronoun, when preceded b…

§1206THE PRONOUN αὐτόςαὐτός is intensive (self) a. In the nominative case, when standing alone: αὐτοὶ τὴν γῆν ἔσχον they (the Athenians) seized the land themselves T. 1.114. Here αὐτός emphasizes the wo…

§1209THE PRONOUN αὐτόςSpecial renderings of the emphatic αὐτός: a. By itself, in itself, unaided, alone, etc.: αὐτὴ ἡ ἀλήθεια the naked truth Aes. 3.207, τὸ πλέον τοῦ χωρίου αὐτὸ καρτερὸν ὑπῆρχε the gre…

§§1233–1237αὐτός EMPHATIC OR REFLEXIVE WITH OTHER PRONOUNSOf the plural forms, ἡμῶν αὐτῶν, etc. may be either emphatic or reflexive; αὐτῶν ἡμῶν, etc. are emphatic only; but σφῶν αὐτῶν is only reflexive (αὐτῶν σφῶν is not used). In Hom. αὐ…

§2518THE ANTECEDENT OF RELATIVE CLAUSESIf the demonstrative would have to stand in the nominative, it is commonly omitted unless the demands of emphasis require its presence: (τέχναις) ᾱς ἐπιστήμᾱς μὲν πολλάκις προσείπο…

§333 gPRONOUNSDemonstrative Pronouns.—The chief demonstrative pronouns are ὅδε this (here), οὗτος this, that, ἐκεῖνος that (there, yonder). SINGULAR Nom. ὅδε ἥδε τόδε οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο ἐκεῖνος ἐκ…

§1285VOCATIVEThe vocative is usually found in the interior of a sentence. At the beginning it is emphatic. In prose ἔφη, in poetry ὦ, may stand between the vocative and an attributive or betwee…

§1285VOCATIVEThe vocative is usually found in the interior of a sentence. At the beginning it is emphatic. In prose ἔφη, in poetry ὦ, may stand between the vocative and an attributive or betwee…

§1650PREPOSITIONSTmesis (τμῆσις cutting) denotes the separation of a preposition from its verb, and is a term of late origin, properly descriptive only of the post-epic language, in which prepositi…

§1667REPETITION AND OMISSION OF PREPOSITIONS, ETC.a. For the sake of emphasis or to mark opposition and difference, a preposition is repeated with each noun dependent on the preposition: κατά τε πόλεμον καὶ κατὰ τὴν ἄλλην δίαιταν …

§1670REPETITION AND OMISSION OF PREPOSITIONS, ETC.In explanatory appositional clauses (988) the preposition may be repeated for the sake of clearness or emphasis; as ἐκ τούτων οἱ ὀνομαστοὶ γίγνονται, ἐκ τῶν ἐπιτηδευσάντων ἕκαστα t…

§1723 aMIDDLE VOICEActive and Reflexive.—Instead of the direct middle the active voice with the reflexive pronoun is usually employed; often of difficult and unnatural actions (especially with αὐτὸς …

§1724MIDDLE VOICEMiddle and Reflexive.—The reflexive pronoun may be used with the middle: ἑαυτὸν ἀποκρύπτεσθαι to hide himself P. R. 393c; often for emphasis, as in contrasts: οἱ μέν φᾱσι βασιλέᾱ κ…

§1764THE PARTICLE ἄνPosition of ἄν.—ἄν does not begin a sentence or a clause, except after a weak mark of punctuation, as τί οὖν, ἄν τις εἴποι, ταῦτα λέγεις ἡμῖν νῦν; why then (some one might say) do …

§1765THE PARTICLE ἄνRepetition of ἄν.—ἄν may be repeated once or twice in the same sentence. a. ἄν is placed early in a sentence which contains a subordinate clause, in order to direct attention to th…

§1919FUTURE INDICATIVEοὐ μή with the second person singular of the future in the dramatic poets denotes a strong prohibition; as οὐ μὴ διατρῑ́ψεις don't dawdle (you shall not dawdle) Ar. Ran. 462. οὐ μή…

§2754οὐ μήοὐ μή, and the compounds of each, are used in emphatic negative predictions and prohibitions. a. οὐ μή marks strong personal interest on the part of the speaker. In its original us…

§1974SUBJECT AND PREDICATE NOUN WITH THE INFINITIVEA pronoun subject of the infinitive, if (wholly or partially) identical with the subject of the main verb, is generally expressed when emphatic, and stands in the accusative (cases…

§2089 bTHE SUPPLEMENTARY PARTICIPLEThe supplementary participle agrees either with the subject or with the object of the main verb; with the subject when the verb is intransitive or passive, with the object when the…

§2147 fREMARKS ON SOME USES OF PARTICIPLESThe abundance of its participles is one of the characteristic features of Greek. Their use gives brevity to the sentence (cp. 2050), enabling the writer to set forth in a word modi…

§2150VERBAL ADJECTIVES IN -τέοςVerbal adjectives from transitive verbs take the personal construction when the subject is emphasized; but the impersonal construction, when the emphasis falls on the verbal adject…

§2539OTHER PECULIARITIES OF RELATIVE CLAUSESAppositives to the antecedent may be drawn into the relative clause as the nearest construction or for the sake of emphasis. Thus, εὑρήσει τοὺς . . . δικαστᾱ́ς, οἵπερ καὶ λέγονται …

§2690POSITION OF οὐ AND μήοὐ and μή are generally placed before the word they negative; but may follow, when emphasis is laid on a particular word, as in contrasts. ὑπολάβῃ δὲ μηδείς but let no one suppose …

§2762ACCUMULATION OF NEGATIVESThe negative of one clause is often repeated in the same or in another clause either for emphasis or because of lax structure. δ̀ς οὐκ, ἐπειδὴ τῷδε ἐβούλευσας μόρον, δρᾶσαι τόδ᾽ ἔρ…