Gradation

§27VOWEL CHANGEQuantitative Vowel Gradation.—In the formation and inflection of words a short vowel often interchanges with its corresponding long vowel. Thus SHORT α ε ι ο υ LONG η (ᾱ after ε, ι…

§475CHANGES IN THE VERB-STEMVariation in Quantity.—Many verbs of the first class (498 ff.) show variation in the quantity of the vowel of the verb-stem, which is commonly long in the present but fluctuates in…

§35VOWEL CHANGEQualitative Vowel Gradation.—In the same root or suffix we find an interchange among different vowels (and diphthongs) similar to the interchange in sing, sang, sung. a. This varia…

§36VOWEL CHANGETABLE OF THE CHIEF VOWEL GRADES Strong Grades Weak Grade 1. 2. a. ε: ο —or α b. ει: οι ι c. ευ: ου υ 1. 2. d. ᾱ: ω α e. η: ω ε or α f. ω ο a. ( ἐ-γεν-ό-μην I became : γέ-γον-α I am…

§253ACCENT, STEM FORMATION, QUANTITY, GENDERVariation of Stem Formation.—Many words of the third declension show traces of an original variation of stem that is due to the influence of a shifting accent which is seen in some…

§262STEMS IN ερ VARYING WITH ρSeveral words in -τηρ show three forms of stem gradation: -τηρ strong, -τερ middle, -τρ weak. ρ between consonants becomes ρα (35 b). The vocative has recessive accent. ἀνήρ man ha…

§373STEMSThe verb-stem may show numerous modifications in form. Thus, corresponding to the gradations in sing, sang, sung (35), the verb λείπ-ω leave shows the stems λειπ-, λοιπ- (2 perf. λ…

§§476–484CHANGES IN THE VERB-STEMVowel Gradation (35, 36).—Verbs of the first class show a variation between a strong grade (or two strong grades) and a weak grade. The weak grades, ῐ, ῠ, ᾰ, appear especially in t…

§622FIRST CONJUGATION OR VERBS IN ΩSome monosyllabic stems show a variation in the quantity of the stem vowel ι or υ, as τρῑ́βω rub perf. τέτρῐφα, ψῡ́χω cool 2 aor. pass. ἐψύ̆χην, τήκω melt (Doric τᾱ́κω) 2 aor. pass…

§573VI. SECOND PERFECT SYSTEMStem Gradation.—Originally the second perfect was inflected throughout without any thematic vowel (cp. the perfect middle), but with stem-gradation: strong forms in the singular, w…

§§738–743FOURTH CLASSStem Gradation.—Verbs of the root class show in the stem vowel a variation between strong and weak grades in the present and imperfect indicative active. The singular has the stron…

§833 ePart III: Formation of WordsSuffixes.—A suffix is a formative element added to a root (or to a stem) and standing between the root and the ending. Suffixes limit or particularize the general meaning of the ro…