Moods

§355INFLECTION: PRELIMINARY REMARKS (355-380)The Greek verb shows distinctions of voice, mood, verbal noun, tense, number, and person.

§357INFLECTION: PRELIMINARY REMARKS (355-380)Moods.—Four moods, the indicative, subjunctive, optative, imperative, are called finite, because the person is defined by the ending (366). The infinitive, strictly a verbal noun (…

§1760THE MOODSThere are four moods proper in Greek: indicative, subjunctive, optative, and imperative. The infinitive (strictly a verbal noun) and the participle (strictly an adjective form of t…

§380STEMSMeanings of the Tenses and Moods.—In the synopsis (382) meanings are given wherever these are not dependent on the use of the various forms in the sentence. The meanings of the sub…

§1759THE MOODSMood designates by the form of the verb the mode or manner (modus) in which the speaker conceives of an assertion concerning the subject.

§§1769–1849THE MOODS IN SIMPLE SENTENCES§§ 1770-1849 treat of the use of the moods in independent sentences and principal clauses. The dependent construction of the moods was developed from their independent use. The use…

§1769THE MOODS IN SIMPLE SENTENCES§§ 1770-1849 treat of the use of the moods in independent sentences and principal clauses. The dependent construction of the moods was developed from their independent use. The use…

§2176SYNTAX OF THE COMPLEX SENTENCEA finite mood in a subordinate clause may be influenced by the tense of the principal clause. If the verb of the principal clause stands in a secondary tense, the verb of the subor…

§§2183–2188ASSIMILATION OF MOODSThe mood of a subordinate clause which is intimately connected with the thought of the clause on which it depends, is often assimilated to the mood of that clause. Such subordinate…

§2205PURPOSE CLAUSES (FINAL CLAUSES)By assimilation of mood, final clauses may take a past tense of the indicative without ἄν (2185 c) or the optative without ἄν (2186 c.)

§2545USE OF THE MOODS IN RELATIVE CLAUSESThe ordinary uses of the moods in relative clauses are as follows: a. The present and past tenses of the indicative without ἄν express a fact or the assumption of a fact. The futur…

§§2597–2635GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF INDIRECT DISCOURSESimple and compound sentences, and principal clauses of complex sentences, introduced by ὅτι or ὡς are treated as follows:

§2662MOODS IN DIRECT QUESTIONSThe moods used in direct questions are the same as those used in statements. a. Indicative (examples in 2642): sometimes in a past tense with ἄν, as πῶς δὲ πάντες ἐζήλουν ἂν τοὺς τ…

§§2677–2679MOODS IN INDIRECT QUESTIONSThe moods and tenses of indirect questions follow the same rules as govern clauses in indirect discourse. The person may be changed. After primary tenses, the mood and tense of the…

§2686EXCLAMATORY SENTENCESDependent exclamatory clauses follow, as regards mood and tense, the same rules as govern indirect questions (2677). An original indicative remains unchanged after primary tenses o…