Pronouns

§§325–340PRONOUNSThe Personal Pronouns.—The pronouns of the first, second, and third person are declined as follows: SINGULAR Nom. ἐγώ I σύ thou — he, she, it (325 d) Gen. ἐμοῦ; μου enclitic σοῦ; σ…

§929OMISSION OF THE SUBJECTAn unemphatic pronoun of the first or second person is generally omitted: λέγε τὸν νόμον read the law (spoken to the clerk of the court) D. 21.8.

§1121THE PARTICULAR ARTICLEThe article often takes the place of an unemphatic possessive pronoun when there is no doubt as to the possessor. Κῦρος καταπηδήσᾱς ἀπὸ τοῦ ἅρματος τὸν θώρᾱκα ἐνέδῡ Cyrus leaped do…

§1199. 2 N.THE POSSESSIVE PRONOUNSFIRST AND SECOND PERSONS SINGULAR 1. Not reflexive (adjective my, thy (your); pronoun mine, thine (yours)). ἐμός, σός: ὁρᾷ τὸν ἐμὸν φίλον he sees my friend, ὁρᾷ τὸν σὸν πατέρα she …

§930OMISSION OF THE SUBJECTAn emphatic pronoun is generally expressed, as in contrasts: σὺ μὲν κεῖνον ἐκδέχου, ἐγὼ δ᾽ ἄπειμι do thou wait for him, but I will depart S. Ph. 123. But often in poetry and someti…

§1099THE ARTICLE—ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENTThe article ὁ, ἡ, τό, was originally a demonstrative pronoun, and as such supplied the place of the personal pronoun of the third person. By gradual weakening it became the definit…

§1105ὁ, ἡ, τό AS A RELATIVEThe demonstrative ὁ, ἡ, τό is used as a relative pronoun in Homer only when the antecedent is definite (cp. that): τεύχεα δ᾽ ἐξενάριξε, τά οἱ πόρε χάλκεος Ἄρης he stripped off the …

§§1099–1104THE ARTICLE—ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENTThe article ὁ, ἡ, τό, was originally a demonstrative pronoun, and as such supplied the place of the personal pronoun of the third person. By gradual weakening it became the definit…

§§1106–1117ὁ, ἡ, τό AS A DEMONSTRATIVE IN ATTIC PROSEThe demonstrative force of ὁ, ἡ, τό survives chiefly in connection with particles (μέν, δέ, γέ, τοί; and with καί preceding ὁ).

§1163Attributive Position of the ArticleThe attributive position is employed with the possessive pronouns and the possessive genitives of the reflexive and demonstrative pronouns (1184), αὐτο<*> meaning same (1173), and …

§1171Predicate Position of AdjectivesThe predicate position is employed with the demonstratives οὗτος, ὅδε, ἐκεῖνος, and ἄμφω, ἀμφότερος, ἑκάτερος, and ἕκαστος; with the possessive genitives of personal and relative p…

§1173PECULIARITIES OF POSITION WITH THE ARTICLEμόνος, ἥμισυς.—(1) Attributive: ὁ μόνος παῖς the only son, αἱ ἡμίσειαι χάριτες half-favours. (2) Predicate: μόνος ὁ παῖς (or ὁ παῖς μόνος) παίζει the boy plays alone, ἥμισυς ὁ βίος…

§§1176–1189PECULIARITIES OF POSITION WITH THE ARTICLEThe demonstrative pronouns οὗτος, ὅδε, ἐκεῖνος, and αὐτός self, in agreement with a noun, usually take the article, and stand in the predicate position (1168): οὗτος ὁ ἀνήρ or ὁ ἀν…

§§1190–1195THE PERSONAL PRONOUNSThe nominative of the personal pronoun is usually omitted except when emphatic, e.g. in contrasts, whether expressed or implied: ἐπεὶ ῡ̔μεῖς ἐμοὶ οὐ θέλετε πείθεσθαι, ἐγω σὺν ῡ̔μῖν…

§§1196–1203THE POSSESSIVE PRONOUNSThe possessive pronouns (330) of the first and second persons are the equivalents of the possessive genitive of the personal pronouns: ἐμός = μου, σός = σου, ἡμέτερος = ἡμῶν, ῡ̔μέτ…

§§1204–1217THE PRONOUN αὐτόςαὐτός is used as an adjective and as a pronoun. It has three distinct uses: (1) as an intensive adjective pronoun it means self (ipse). (2) As an adjective pronoun, when preceded b…

§§1218–1232THE REFLEXIVE PRONOUNSDirect Reflexives.—The reflexive pronouns are used directly when they refer to the chief word (usually the subject) of the sentence or clause in which they stand. γνῶθι σεαυτόν lea…

§§1238–1261THE DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNSThe demonstrative pronouns are used substantively or adjectively: οὗτος, or οὗτος ὁ ἀνήρ, this man.

§§1262–1265THE INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNSThe interrogative pronouns are used substantively τίς; who? or adjectively τίς ἀνήρ; what man?

§§1266–1270THE INDEFINITE PRONOUNSThe indefinite pronoun τὶς, τὶ is used both substantively (some one) and adjectively (any, some). τὶς, τὶ cannot stand at the beginning of a sentence (181 b).

§§1271–1276THE ADJECTIVE PRONOUNS ἄλλος AND ἕτεροςἄλλος strictly means other (of several), ἕτερος other (of two). On ὁ ἄλλος, οἱ ἄλλοι see 1188. a. ἕτερος is sometimes used loosely for ἄλλος, but always with a sense of difference;…

§1277THE RECIPROCAL PRONOUNThe pronoun ἀλλήλοιν expresses reciprocal relation: ὡς δ᾽ εἰδέτην ἀλλήλους ἡ γυνὴ καὶ ὁ Ἀβραδάτᾱς, ἠσπάζοντο ἀλλήλους when Abradatas and his wife saw each other, they mutually embr…

§1278THE RECIPROCAL PRONOUNTo express reciprocal relation Greek uses also (1) the middle forms (1726); (2) the reflexive pronoun (1231); or (3) a substantive is repeated: ἀνὴρ ἕλεν ἄνδρα man fell upon man O …

§1317GENITIVE OF THE DIVIDED WHOLE (PARTITIVE GENITIVE)(IV) With substantive pronouns and numerals. οἱ μὲν αὐτῶν, οἱ δ᾽ οὔ some of them and not others P. A. 24e, οἳ ὕστερον ἐλήφθησαν τῶν πολεμίων those of the enemy who were taken later…

§1573COGNATE ACCUSATIVEUsually an adjective, pronoun, or pronominal adjective is treated as a neuter substantive. Cp. μεγάλ᾽ ἁμαρτάνειν to commit grave errors D. 5.5 with μέγιστα ἁμαρτήματα ἁμαρτάνουσι P…