Reflexive

§1078COMPARATIVEReflexive Comparison.—The comparative followed by the reflexive pronoun in the genitive is used to denote that an object displays a quality in a higher degree than usual. The degre…

§1093SUPERLATIVEReflexive comparison (cp. 1078) occurs with the superlative: ἀμβλύτατα αὐτὸς αὑτοῦ ὁρᾷ his sight is at its dullest P. L. 715d.

§329PRONOUNSReflexive Pronouns.—The reflexive pronouns (referring back to the subject of the sentence) are formed by compounding the stems of the personal pronouns with the oblique cases of αὐ…

§325 dPRONOUNSThe Personal Pronouns.—The pronouns of the first, second, and third person are declined as follows: SINGULAR Nom. ἐγώ I σύ thou — he, she, it (325 d) Gen. ἐμοῦ; μου enclitic σοῦ; σ…

§187 N. 1ENCLITICSAn enclitic retains its accent (is orthotone, cp. 181 N.): a. When it is emphatic, as in contrasts: ἢ σοὶ ἢ τῷ πατρί σου either to you or to your father (ἐμοῦ, ἐμοί, ἐμέ are emphat…

§1163Attributive Position of the ArticleThe attributive position is employed with the possessive pronouns and the possessive genitives of the reflexive and demonstrative pronouns (1184), αὐτο<*> meaning same (1173), and …

§1183PECULIARITIES OF POSITION WITH THE ARTICLEThe article is not used with possessive pronouns or the genitive of personal and reflexive pronouns (cp. 1184, 1185): a. When no particular object is meant: ἐμὸν βιβλίον or βιβλίον…

§1184POSITION OF THE GENITIVE OF PRONOUNS AND THE ARTICLEIn the attributive position (1154) stands the genitive of the demonstrative, reflexive, and reciprocal pronouns. τὸ τούτου βιβλίον or τὸ βιβλίον τὸ τούτου his book, τὸ ἐμαυτοῦ βιβλ…

§§1198–1203THE POSSESSIVE PRONOUNSThe possessive pronouns of the first and second persons are sometimes reflexive (when the subject of the sentence and the possessor are the same person), sometimes not reflexive.

§1199. 2 N.THE POSSESSIVE PRONOUNSFIRST AND SECOND PERSONS SINGULAR 1. Not reflexive (adjective my, thy (your); pronoun mine, thine (yours)). ἐμός, σός: ὁρᾷ τὸν ἐμὸν φίλον he sees my friend, ὁρᾷ τὸν σὸν πατέρα she …

§§1218–1224THE REFLEXIVE PRONOUNSDirect Reflexives.—The reflexive pronouns are used directly when they refer to the chief word (usually the subject) of the sentence or clause in which they stand. γνῶθι σεαυτόν lea…

§1228 N. 3THE REFLEXIVE PRONOUNSInstead of the indirect ἑαυτοῦ, etc., there may be used a. The oblique cases of αὐτός: ἐπειρᾶτο τοὺς Ἀθηναίους τῆς ἐς αὐτὸν ὀργῆς παραλῡ́ειν he tried to divert the Athenians from t…

§§1222–1224THE REFLEXIVE PRONOUNSThe personal pronouns are sometimes used in a reflexive sense: θρηνοῦντός τέ μου καὶ λέγοντος πολλὰ καὶ ἀνάξια ἐμοῦ wailing and saying much unworthy of myself P. A. 38e (contrast ἀ…

§§1225–1229THE REFLEXIVE PRONOUNSIndirect Reflexives.—The reflexive pronouns are used indirectly when, in a dependent clause, they refer to the subject of the main clause. Ὀρέστης ἔπεισεν Ἀθηναίους ἑαυτὸν κατάγειν…

§1194THE PERSONAL PRONOUNSThe nominative of the pronoun of the third person is replaced by ἐκεῖνος (of absent persons), ὅδε, οὗτος (of present persons), ὁ μέν . . . ὁ δέ (at the beginning of a sentence), an…

§1195THE PERSONAL PRONOUNSHomer uses ἕο, οἷ, etc., as personal pronouns ( = αὐτοῦ, αὐτῷ, etc., in Attic), in which case they are enclitic: διὰ μαντοσύνην, τήν οἱ πόρε Φοῖβος by the art of divination, which …

§1230THE REFLEXIVE PRONOUNSThe reflexive pronoun of the third person is sometimes used for that of the first or second: δεῖ ἡμᾶς ἀνερέσθαι ἑαυτούς we must ask ourselves P. Ph. 78b, παράγγελλε τοῖς ἑαυτοῦ giv…

§1231THE REFLEXIVE PRONOUNSReciprocal Reflexive.—The plural forms of the reflexive pronouns are often used for the reciprocal ἀλλήλων, ἀλλήλοις, etc.: ἡμῖν αὐτοῖς διαλεξόμεθα we will converse with (ourselves…

§1232THE REFLEXIVE PRONOUNSBut the reciprocal must be used when the idea ‘each for or with himself’ is expressed or implied: μᾶλλον χαίρουσιν ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀλλήλων κακοῖς ἢ τοῖς αὑτῶν ἰδίοις ἀγαθοῖς ( = ἢ ἐπὶ τοῖ…

§§1233–1237αὐτός EMPHATIC OR REFLEXIVE WITH OTHER PRONOUNSOf the plural forms, ἡμῶν αὐτῶν, etc. may be either emphatic or reflexive; αὐτῶν ἡμῶν, etc. are emphatic only; but σφῶν αὐτῶν is only reflexive (αὐτῶν σφῶν is not used). In Hom. αὐ…

§1723MIDDLE VOICEActive and Reflexive.—Instead of the direct middle the active voice with the reflexive pronoun is usually employed; often of difficult and unnatural actions (especially with αὐτὸς …

§1724MIDDLE VOICEMiddle and Reflexive.—The reflexive pronoun may be used with the middle: ἑαυτὸν ἀποκρύπτεσθαι to hide himself P. R. 393c; often for emphasis, as in contrasts: οἱ μέν φᾱσι βασιλέᾱ κ…

§1727MIDDLE VOICEThe reciprocal relation may also be expressed (1) by the use of the reflexive pronoun (cp. 1724) with the active: φθονοῦσιν ἑαυτοῖς they are mutually envious X. M. 3.5.16; (2) by t…