Words are divided into eight Parts of Speech: Nouns, Adjectives (including Participles), Pronouns, Verbs, Adverbs, Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections.
A Noun is the name of a person, place, thing, or idea: as, Caesar; Rōma, Rome;domus, a house;virtūs, virtue.
Names of particular persons and places are called Proper Nouns; other nouns are called Common.
An Adjective is a word that attributes a quality: as, bonus, good;fortis, brave, strong.
A Pronoun is a word used to distinguish a person, place, thing, or idea without either naming or describing it: as, is, he;quī, who;nōs, we.
Nouns and pronouns are often called Substantives.
A Verb is a word which is capable of asserting something: as, sum, I am;amat, he loves.
An Adverb is a word used to express the time, place, or manner of an assertion or attribute: as, splendidē mendāx, gloriously false;hodiē nātus est, he was born to-day.
A Preposition is a word which shows the relation between a noun or pronoun and some other word or words in the same sentence: as, per agrōs it, he goes over the fields;ē plūribus ūnum, one out of many.
A Conjunction is a word which connects words, or groups of words, without affecting their grammatical relations: as, et, and;sed, but.
Interjections are mere exclamations and are not strictly to be classed as parts of speech. Thus,—heus, halloo!ō, oh!