Conditional

§2286CONDITIONAL CLAUSESThe negative of the protasis is μή because the subordinate clause expresses something that is conceived or imagined. μή negatives the conditional clause as a whole. On οὐ adheresce…

§2705 cSUBORDINATE CLAUSES IN THE INDICATIVE OR OPTATIVEIn subordinate clauses μή or οὐ is used. a. Final clauses have μή, as φίλος ἐβούλετο εἶναι τοῖς μέγιστα δυναμένοις, ἵνα ἀδικῶν μὴ διδοίη δίκην he wished to be on friendly terms wit…

§2283CONDITIONAL CLAUSESWith the subjunctive mood, εἰ commonly takes ἄν (Epic εἴ κε or εἴ κεν, not ἐᾱ́ν). a. There are three forms, ἐᾱ́ν, ἤν, ᾱ̓́ν. ἐᾱ́ν is the ordinary form in Attic prose and inscription…

§2770PARTICLESConjunctions are either coördinating or subordinating. The coördinating conjunctions with their several varieties are given in 2163. The subordinating conjunctions are Causal: ὅτι,…

§§2185–2188ASSIMILATION OF MOODSAssimilation to the Indicative.—The subordinate clause takes a past tense of the indicative in dependence on a past tense of the indicative (or its equivalent) denoting unreality. …

§2705 dSUBORDINATE CLAUSES IN THE INDICATIVE OR OPTATIVEIn subordinate clauses μή or οὐ is used. a. Final clauses have μή, as φίλος ἐβούλετο εἶναι τοῖς μέγιστα δυναμένοις, ἵνα ἀδικῶν μὴ διδοίη δίκην he wished to be on friendly terms wit…

§2560CLASSES OF RELATIVE CLAUSESConditional Relative Clauses may be resolved into if clauses, ὅς (ὅστις) corresponding to εἴ τις and ὅς (ὅστις) ἄν to ἐᾱ́ν τις. The negative is μή. a. The antecedent of conditional…

§2561CLASSES OF RELATIVE CLAUSESThe correspondence in construction between the common forms of conditional, temporal, and conditional relative, sentences is shown by the following table: Present Simple: εἴ (ὅτε, …

§§2562–2563First Form: SIMPLE PRESENT AND PAST CONDITIONAL RELATIVESSimple present and past conditional relative clauses have the present or past indicative. The main clause has the indicative or any other form of the simple sentence (cp. 2298, 230…

§2564Second Form: PRESENT AND PAST UNREAL CONDITIONAL RELATIVESPresent and past unreal conditional relative clauses have a secondary tense of the indicative. The main clause has a secondary tense with ἄν (cp. 2303). οὔτε γὰρ ἂν αὐτοὶ ἐπεχειροῦ…

§2565Third Form: MORE VIVID FUTURE CONDITIONAL RELATIVESConditional relative clauses that vividly anticipate the realization of a future event take the subjunctive with ἄν. The main clause has the future indicative or any other form ref…

§2566Fourth Form: LESS VIVID FUTURE CONDITIONAL RELATIVESConditional relative clauses that set forth less vividly the realization of a future event take the optative. The main clause has the optative with ἄν. ὀκνοίην ἂν εἰς τὰ πλοῖα ἐμβα…

§§2567–2570Fifth Form PRESENT GENERAL CONDITIONAL RELATIVESPresent general conditional relative clauses have ἄν with the subjunctive. The main clause has the present indicative or an equivalent. νέος δ᾽ ἀπόλλυθ᾽ ὅντιν᾽ (= εἴ τινα) ἂν φιλῇ …

§§2571–2573LESS USUAL FORMS OF CONDITIONAL RELATIVE SENTENCESThe potential optative with ἄν in the main clause with the indicative (2562) or subjunctive (2565) in the relative clause.

§§2280–2368CONDITIONAL CLAUSESA condition is a supposition on which a statement is based. A conditional sentence commonly consists of two clauses: The protasis: the conditional, or subordinate, clause, expressi…

§§2289–2296A. CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO FORMConditional sentences may be classified according to form or function (i.e. with reference to their meaning). Classified according to form, all conditional sentences may be arrange…

§2297TABLE OF CONDITIONAL FORMSIn this Grammar the ordinary types of conditional sentences are classified primarily according to time. The Homeric and other more usual variations from the ordinary forms are ment…

§§2298–2301First Form of Conditions: SIMPLE PRESENT AND PAST CONDITIONSSimple present or past conditions simply state a supposition with no implication as to its reality or probability. The protasis has the indicative, the apodosis has commonly the in…

§§2302–2320Second Form of Conditions: PRESENT AND PAST UNREAL CONDITIONSIn present and past unreal conditions the protasis implies that the supposition cannot or could not be realized because contrary to a known fact. The apodosis states what would be …

§§2321–2334FUTURE CONDITIONSFuture conditions set forth suppositions the fulfilment of which is still undecided. There are two main forms of future conditions: More Vivid Future conditions. Less Vivid Future …

§§2335–2342GENERAL CONDITIONSGeneral conditions refer indefinitely to any act or series of acts that are supposed to occur or to have occurred at any time; and without any implication as to fulfilment. The if …

§2343DIFFERENT FORMS OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES IN THE SAME SENTENCEThe same period may show different forms of conditional sentences according to the exigency of the thought. ταὐτὸ τοίνυν τοῦτ᾽ ἂν ἐποίησε Φίλιππος, εἴ τινα τούτων εἶδε δίκην δόντα,…

§§2344–2349MODIFICATIONS OF THE PROTASISSubstitutions for the Protasis.—For the protasis with εἰ there may be substituted a participle, often in the genitive absolute (2067, 2070), an adverb, a prepositional phrase, a re…

§§2350–2352MODIFICATIONS OF THE APODOSISThe apodosis may be expressed in a participle or infinitive with or without ἄν as the construction may require; cp. 1846, 1848. αἰτεῖ αὐτὸν εἰς δισχῑλίους ξένους καὶ τριῶν μηνῶν μι…

§§2353–2354PROTASIS AND APODOSIS COMBINEDεἰ and ἄν both in Protasis.—The potential optative with ἄν or the unreal indicative with ἄν, standing as the apodosis in the conditional clause with εἰ, is the apodosis of another …

§§2355–2365LESS USUAL COMBINATIONS OF COMPLETE PROTASIS AND APODOSISIn addition to the ordinary forms of correspondence between protasis and apodosis (2297), Greek shows many other combinations expressing distinct shades of feeling. Most of these c…

§§2366–2368TWO OR MORE PROTASES OR APODOSES IN ONE SENTENCEA conditional sentence may have several protases and one apodosis or one protasis and several apodoses. Two such protases or apodoses are coördinate or one of the two is subordinat…