THE PREDICATE

The copulative verb εἶναι is often omitted, especially the forms ἐστί and εἰσί. This occurs chiefly

a. In general or proverbial statements: κοινὴ ἡ τύχη καὶ τὸ μέλλον ἀόρᾱτον chance is common to all and the future cannot be scanned I. 1.29; b. in expressions of necessity, duty, etc.: ἀνάγκη φυλάττεσθαι it is necessary to be on our guard D. 9.6. So with ὥρᾱ, καιρός, εἰκός, χρεών, δέον, verbals in -τέον (2152), as θεραπευτέον τοὺς θεούς we must serve the gods X. M. 2.1.28; c. with various adjectives: ἄξιος, δυνατός, πρόθῡμος, δίκαιος, οἷος, φροῦδος, ἕτοιμος; thus, ἡ ψῡχὴ δουλεύειν ἑτοίμη the soul is ready to be a servant P. Phae. 252a, εἴ τις ἐπερωτῴη πότερον κρεῖττον if anybody should ask whether it is better X. M. 1.1.9.

In lively discourse the form of a verb signifying to do, speak, come, go, etc., may be omitted for brevity. The ellipsis is often unconscious and it is frequently uncertain what is to be supplied to complete the thought. Thus, τί ἄλλο (scil. ἐποίησαν) ἢ ἐπεβούλευσαν; what else did they do except plot against us? T. 3.39, οὐδὲν ἄλλο (scil. ποιῶν) ἢ πόλιν τὴν αὑτοῦ ἀπολείπων doing nothing else except leaving his native city 2. 16, ἵνα τί (scil. γένηται); to what purpose? D. 19.257, περὶ μὲν τούτου κατὰ σχολήν (scil. λέξω) about this by and by 24. 187, μή μοί γε μῡ́θους (scil. λέξητε) none of your legends for me! Ar. Vesp. 1179, ἀλλ᾽ (σκέψασθε) ἕτερον but consider another point L. 13.79, ὦ φίλε Φαῖδρε, ποῖ δὴ (scil. εἶ) καὶ πόθεν (scil. ἥκεις); my dear Phaedrus whither, I beg of you, are you going and whence do you come? P. Phae. 227a, οὐκ ἐς κόρακας (scil. ἐρρήσεις); will you not be off to the crows? Ar. Nub. 871, πρός σε (scil. ἱκετεύω) γονάτων I entreat thee by thy knees E. Med. 324. Cp. 1599.

Καὶ ταῦτα and that too takes up a preceding expression: ἀγριωτέρους αὐτοὺς ἀπέφηνε . . . καὶ ταῦτ᾽ εἰς αὑτόν he made them more savage and that too towards himself P. G. 516c; often with concessive participles (2083): Μένωνα δ᾽ οὐκ ἐζήτει, καὶ ταῦτα παρ᾽ Ἀριαίου ὢν τοῦ Μένωνος ξένου he did not ask for Menon and that too although he came from Ariaeus, Menon's guest-friend X. A. 2.4.15. Cp. 1246, 2083.

A verb that may easily be supplied from the context is often omitted. Thus, ἐὰν μάθω, παύσομαι (scil. ποιῶν) ὅ γε ᾱ̓́κων ποιῶ if I learn better, I shall leave off doing what I do unintentionally P. A. 26a, ἀμελήσᾱς ὧνπερ οἱ πολλοί (scil. ἐπιμελοῦνται) not caring for what most men care for 36 b, ἐᾱ̀ν αὖθις ζητήσετε ταῦτα, οὕτως (scil. ἔχοντα) εὑρήσετε if you inquire about this later, you will find that it is so 24 b. See under Brachylogy (Index).