Genitive › dependent › adpositional genitive
πρός (Hom. also προτί), at, by (fronting). Of like meaning, but of different origin, is Hom. ποτί.
1. πρός with the Genitive
a. Local (not common in prose): τὸ πρὸς ἑσπέρᾱς τεῖχος
the wall facing the west H. 4.4.18, τὰ ὑποζύγια ἔχοντες πρὸς τοῦ ποταμοῦ
having the pack-animals on the side toward the river A. 2.2.4.
b. Other relations: Descent: πρὸς πατρός
on the father's side 3.169. Characteristic: οὐ γὰρ ἦν πρὸς τοῦ Κῡ́ρου τρόπου
for it was not the way of Cyrus A. 1.2.11. Point of view of a person: πρὸς ἀνθρώπων αἰσχρός base in the eyes of men 2. 5. 20. Agent as the source, with passive verbs (instead of ὑπό): ὁμολογεῖται πρὸς πάντων it is agreed by all 1. 9. 20; to the advantage of; σπονδᾱ̀ς ποιησάμενος πρὸς Θηβαίων μᾶλλον ἢ πρὸς ἑαυτ ῶν
making a truce more to the advantage of the Thebans than of his own party H. 7.1.17; in oaths and entreaties: πρὸς θεῶν
by the gods H. 2.4.21.
2. πρός with the Dative
In a local sense, denoting proximity (generally, in prose, of towns or buildings, not of persons): πρὸς τῇ πόλει τὴν μάχην ποιεῖσθαι
to fight near the city 6.49; sometimes like ἐν, as πρὸς ἱεροῖς τοῖς κοινοῖς ἀνατεθῆναι
to be dedicated in the common shrines 3.57. Occupation: ἦν ὅλος πρὸς τῷ λήμματι
he was wholly intent upon his gain 19.127. In addition to: πρὸς αὐτοῖς
besides these 7.57. In the presence of: πρὸς τῷ διαιτητῆ λέγειν
to speak before the arbitrator 39.22.
3. πρός with the Accusative
a. Local (direction toward or to, strictly fronting, facing): ῡ̔μᾶς ἄξομεν πρὸς αὐτούς
we will lead you to them A. 7.6.6, πρὸς νότον (toward the) south 3.6, ἰέναι πρὸς τοὺς πολεμίους
to go against the enemy A. 2.6.10.
b. Temporal (rare): πρὸς ἡμέρᾱν
toward daybreak H. 2.4.6.
c. Other relations: friendly or hostile relation: πρὸς ἐμὲ λέγετε
speak to me C. 6.4.19, φιλίᾱ πρὸς ῡ̔μᾶς
friendship with you 5.32, ἔχθρᾱ πρὸς τοὺς Ἀργείους
enmity to the Argives 2.68, but ἡ πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἔχθρᾱ our enmity 6. 80, ἡ ἀπέχθεια πρὸς τοὺς Θηβαίους our enmity to the Thebans and the enmity of the Thebans to us 18.36. With words of hating, accusing, and their opposites, πρός is used either of the subject or of the object or of both parties involved. With words denoting warfare πρός indicates a double relation, and the context must determine which party is the aggressor or assailant: ναυμαχίᾱ Κορινθίων πρὸς Κερκῡραίους
a sea-fight between the Corinthians and the Corcyreans 1.13 (here καί often suffices, as ὁ Λακεδαιμονίων καὶ Ἠλείων πόλεμος H. 3.2.31). Relation in general: οὐδὲν αὐτῷ πρὸς τὴν πόλιν ἐστίν
he has nothing to do with the city 21.44, πρὸς τοὺς θεοὺς εὐσεβῶς ἔχειν to be pious toward the gods Lyc. 15. Purpose: πρὸς τί; to what end? C. 6.3.20, πρὸς χάριν λέγειν
to speak in order to court favour 4.51; with a view to (often nearly = διά): πρὸς ταῦτα βουλεύεσθε εὖ
wherefore be well advised 4.87, πρὸς τὰ παρόντα in consequence of the present circumstances 6. 41. Conformity: πρὸς τὴν ἀξίᾱν
according to merit C. 8.4.29. Standard of judgment: οὐδὲ πρὸς ἀργύριον τὴν εὐδαιμονίᾱν ἔκρῑνον
nor did they estimate happiness by the money-standard 4.76, χώρᾱ ὡς πρὸς τὸ πλῆθος τῶν πολῑτῶν ἐλαχίστη a territory very small in proportion to the number of its citizens 4. 107; and hence of comparison: οί φαυλότεροι τῶν ἀνθρώπων πρὸς τοὺς ξυνετωτέρους . . . ἄμεινον οἰκοῦσι τᾱ̀ς πόλεις
the simpler class of men, in comparison with the more astute, manage their public affairs better 3.37. Exchange: ἡδονᾱ̀ς πρὸς ἡδονᾱ̀ς καταλλάττεσθαι
to exchange pleasures for pleasures Ph. 69a.
4. πρός in Composition
To, toward (προσελαύνειν drive to, προστρέπειν turn toward), in addition (προσλαμβάνειν take in addition), against (προσκρούειν strike against, be angry with). Often in the general sense of additionally, qualifying the whole sentence rather than the verb.
In the index: Agent · Prepositions · Standard of judgment