genitive of crime and accountability

So with ἀμῡ́νεσθαι and κολάζειν punish, εἰσάγειν and προσκαλεῖσθαι summon into court, αἱρεῖν convict, τῑμωρεῖσθαι take vengeance on. With τῑμωρεῖν avenge and λαγχάνειν obtain leave to bring a suit, the person avenged and the person against whom the suit is brought are put in the dative. So with δικάζεσθαί τινί τινος to go to law with a man about something.

Verbs of judicial action may take a cognate accusative (δίκην, γραφήν), on which the genitive of the crime depends: γραφὴν ὕβρεως καὶ δίκην κακηγορίᾱς φεύξεται he will be brought to trial on an indictment for outrage and on a civil action for slander D. 21.32. From this adnominal use arose the construction of the genitive with this class of verbs.

ἁλίσκεσθαι (ἁλῶναι) be convicted, ὀφλισκάνειν lose a suit, φεύγειν be prosecuted are equivalent to passives: ἐᾱ́ν τις ἁλῷ κλοπῆς . . . κᾱ̓̀ν ἀστρατείᾱς τις ὄφλῃ if any one be condemned for theft . . . and if any one be convicted of desertion D. 24.103, ἀσεβείᾱς φεύγοντα ὑπὸ Μελήτου being tried for impiety on the indictment of Meletus P. A. 35d. ὀφλισκάνειν may take δίκην as a cognate accus. (ὠφληκέναι δίκην to be cast in a suit Ar. Av. 1457); the crime or the penalty may stand in the genitive (with or without δίκην), or in the accusative: ὁπόσοι κλοπῆς ἢ δώρων ὄφλοιεν all who had been convicted of embezzlement or bribery And. 1.74, ὑφ᾽ ῡ̔μῶν θανάτου δίκην ὀφλών having incurred through your verdict the penalty of death, ὑπὸ τῆς ἀληθείᾱς ὠφληκότες μοχθηρίᾱν condemned by the truth to suffer the penalty of wickedness P. A. 39b.

With verbs of judicial action the genitive of the penalty may be regarded as a genitive of value: θανάτου κρῑ́νουσι they judge in matters of life and death X. C. 1.2.14. So ὑπάγειν τινὰ θανάτου to impeach a man on a capital charge X. H. 2.3.12; cp. τῑμᾶν θανάτου 1374.

a. With many verbs of judicial action περί is used.