Syntax of the finite verb › dependent › adjective clause › adjective clause proper
CLASSES OF RELATIVE CLAUSES
Relative Clauses of Result (Consecutive Relative Clauses) usually take the indicative (for οἷος, ὅσος with the infinitive see 2497). The negative is οὐ when the relative clause approximates ὥστε (οὐ) with the indicative, as is generally the case when the main clause is negative, expressed or implied. Here ὅστις is commoner than ὅς. The negative is μή when the relative clause expresses an intended (2557) or anticipated (2558) result, where ὥστε μή with the infinitive would be less precise.
τίς οὕτω μαίνεται ὅστις οὐ βούλεται σοὶ φίλος εἶναι; who is so mad that he does not wish to be a friend to you? A. 2.5.12, οὐδὲν γὰρ οὕτω βραχὺ ὅπλον ἑκάτεροι εἶχον ᾧ οὐκ ἐξῑκνοῦντο ἀλλήλων
for each side did not have weapons so short that they could not reach each other H. 7.5.17.
a. The indicative with ἄν and the optative with ἄν are rare. Thus, τίς δ᾽ ἦν οὕτως . . . μῑσαθήναιος, ὅστις ἐδυνήθη ἂν ἄτακτον αὑτὸν ὑπομεῖναι ἰδεῖν; who was such a hater of Athens that he could endure to see himself not at his post? Lyc. 39, τίς οὕτως ἰσχῡρός, δ̀ς . . . ῥῑ̔γει δύναιτ᾽ ἂν μαχόμενος στρατεύεσθαι
who is so vigorous that he could carry on war while battling with cold? C. 6.1.15. A potential optative with ὅς follows a potential optative in R. 360b.
The indicative is normal in consecutive relative clauses introduced by οὐκ ἔστιν ὅστις (οὐ), οὐδείς ἐστιν ὅστις (οὐ), οὐκ ἔστιν ὅπως (οὐ), εἰσὶν οἵ, ἔστιν οἷς, etc.
οὐκ ἔστιν οὐδεὶς ὅστις οὐχ αὑτὸν φιλεῖ
there is no one who does not love himself Sent. 407, οὐκ ἔστιν ὅπως ἥβην κτήσῃ πάλιν αὖθις in no way canst thou regain thy youth E. Heracl. 707. See 2551.
a. The indicative with ἄν and the optative with ἄν also occur. Thus, οὐ γὰρ ἦν ὅ τι ἂν ἐποιεῖτε
for there was nothing that you could have done 18.43, ὧν οὐκ ἔστιν ὅστις οὐκ ἂν καταφρονήσειεν
whom every one would despise 8.52.
b. On the subjunctive and optative without ἄν, see 2546, 2547, 2552.
The future indicative is often used to express an intended result (negative μή).
ἀνόητον ἐπὶ τοιούτους ἰέναι ὧν κρατήσᾱς μὴ κατασχήσει τις
it is senseless to attack men of such a kind that we shall not hold them in subjection if we conquer them 6.11, οὗτοι δὲ τοιαῦτ᾽ . . . ὑποσχήσονται, ἐξ ὧν μηδ᾽ ἂν ὁτιοῦν ᾖ κῑνηθήσονται these men shall make promises in consequence of which the Athenians will not better themselves under any circumstances (lit. even if anything occurs) 19.324.
The future indicative is especially common when the main clause contains an idea of ability, capacity, or characteristic, and the relative clause denotes what is to be expected of the subject.
ἱκανοί ἐσμεν . . . ῡ̔μῖν πέμψαι ναῦς τε καὶ ἄνδρας οἵτινες συμμαχοῦνταί τε καὶ τὴν ὁδὸν ἡγήσονται (cp. ὥστε συμμάχεσθαι) we are able to send you ships and men who will fight with you and direct your journey A. 5.4.10, οὔτε πλοῖα ἔστι τὰ ἀπάξοντα οὔτε σῖτος ᾧ θρεψόμεθα μένοντες we have neither ships to convey us away nor provisions to feed us while we remain 6. 5. 20, δεῖταί τινος ὅστις αὐτὸν ὀνήσει
he needs some one to improve him Eu. 306d, (ἔδει) ψήφισμα νῑκῆσαι τοιοῦτο δι᾽ οὗ Φωκεῖς ἀπολοῦνται
a bill had to be passed of such a character as to destroy the Phocians 19.43.
In the index: Indicative mood · Optative mood · Future tense · Potential optative · Relative · Result clauses